Table 3.

Social causation

	B (95.0% CI)	p-value	Adjusted B (95.0% CI)	p-value	N
Model 4
ASR internalizing 20 years
Compulsory school grades	3.24 (− 0.16–6.65)	0.062	2.56 (− 0.54–6.67)	0.220	560
Gender			5.38 (3.62–7.14)	< 0.001
EPDS (maternal, baseline)			0.38 (0.14–0.61)	0.002
SDQ emotion 12 years			1.27 (0.84–1.72)	< 0.001
ASR externalizing 20 years
Compulsory school grades	3.24 (0.83–5.65)	0.009	0.81 (− 2.21–3.83)	0.600	551
Gender			1.05 (− 0.16–2.25)	0.088
EPDS (maternal, baseline)			0.21 (0.05–0.37)	0.009
SDQ conduct 12 years			0.84 (0.39–1.30)	< 0.001
SDQ emotion 12 years			0.39 (0.07–0.71)	0.015
Model 5
ASR internalizing 20 years
Eligibility higher education	0.04 (− 2.12–2.20)	0.970	− 0.44 (− 2.68–1.79)	0.698	503
Gender			5.61 (3.83–7.39)	< 0.001
EPDS (maternal, baseline)			0.32 (0.08–0.56)	0.009
SDQ emotion 12 years			1.24 (0.80–1.69)	< 0.001
ASR externalizing 20 years
Eligibility higher education	1.51 (0.08–2.94)	0.038	0.55 (− 0.94–2.05)	0.467	498
Gender			0.80 (− 0.43–2.02)	0.201
EPDS (maternal, baseline)			0.22 (0.06–0.38)	0.008
SDQ conduct 12 years			0.71 (0.24–1.19)	0.003
SDQ emotion 12 years			0.45 (0.12–0.78)	0.007

Bivariate and multivariate linear regression predicting mental health

Bivariate and multivariate linear regression. N presented for adjusted models. Model 4: Dependent variables: ASR internalizing and externalizing scores. Independent variables: final grades compulsory school (0 = complete grades, 1 = incomplete grades), gender (0 = boys, 1 = girls), EPDS total score, SDQ emotion and conduct subscales. Model 5: Dependent variables: ASR internalizing and externalizing scores. Independent variables: Eligibility to higher education (0 = eligibility, 1 = non-eligibility), gender (0 = boys, 1 = girls), EPDS total score, SDQ emotion and conduct subscales

CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, ASR Adult Self Report