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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 30.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2021 Mar 31;592(7855):639–643. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03378-6

Extended Data Fig. 10 |. Scheme of receptor-based antibodies hijacking binding of RIFIN to host inhibitory receptors.

Extended Data Fig. 10 |

a, Immune cells such as B, T, Natural Killer cells express inhibitory receptors LILRB1 or LAIR1 on the cell surface. Infected erythrocytes (IEs) express surface variant antigen RIFINs that can target host inhibitory receptors such as LILRB1 or LAIR1 for immune invasion. Cross-linking of HLA-1 on cells with the LILRB1 D1D2 domain can deliver a negative regulatory signal to the LILRB1 expressing cells. LAIR1 binds to C1q or collagen like domains. LAIR1, bule; C1q, yellow; LILRB1, red; HLA-I, gray; LILRB1 specific RIFIN, light pink; LAIR1 specific RIFIN, light blue. b, Host immune system developed natural receptor-based antibodies to combat this evasion mechanism employed by IEs. LILRB1-containing antibody does not cross-react with RIFINs that are specific for LAIR1. Antibody heavy chain VH, dark green; constant region CH, gray; light chain VL, light green; light chain constant CL, light gray.