Table 3.

Visual Display of Outcomes Table

Study	Study Type	Study Size	Study Aim	Depression	Anxiety	PTSD	Clinically significant?
Barrett et al. (2000)	Controlled Trial	20	Preventative		↓ *
Ellis et al. (2012)	Case-series	30	Preventative	↓		↓
Entholt et al. (2005)	Controlled Trial	28	Preventative	↔	↓	↓ **
Fox et al. (2005)	Case-Series	58	Preventative	↓ *
Gormez et al. (2017)	Case-Series	32	Treatment		↓ **	↓ **
O’Callaghan et al. (2015)	Controlled Trial	50	Treatment	↓ **	↓ **	↓ **
Ooi et al. (2016)	Controlled Trial	82	Preventative	↓ **		↓
Pfeiffer et al. (2017)	Case-Series	29	Treatment			↓ **
Pfeiffer et al. (2018)	Randomised controlled trial	50	Treatment	↓ *		↓ **
Sarkadi et al. (2017)	Case Series	46	Treatment	↓ * *		↓ *
Schottelkorb et al. (2012)	Controlled Trial	31	Treatment			↓ **
Tsoupas (2011)	Controlled Trial	21	Preventative	↓	↓
Unterhitzenberger et al. (2015)	Case-Series	6	Treatment			↓ * *
Unterhitzenberger and Rosner (2016)	Case-Study	1	Treatment	↓	↓	↓
Unterhitzenberger et al. (2019)	Case-Series	26	Treatment	↓ **		↓ *
Vickers (2005)	Case-Study	1	Treatme Treatment			↓

In Table 5 the arrows denote the direction of change in the mental health outcome measures following CBT, with a downfacing arrow denoting a reduction in mental health symptoms. The * signifies a statistically significant result whereby p ≤ 0.05 and ** signifies a statistically significant result whereby p ≤ 0.01. Where post-intervention scores became sub-clinical, this was counted as a clinically significant change