Fig. 2. Latent factor of trauma exposure.

Trauma exposure was assessed using the traumatic events checklist for posttraumatic stress disorder from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS)³⁷. As noted in Table 2, items 5, 8, 9, and 14 were excluded from the factor analysis due to extremely low endorsement. Thus, 13 items from the K-SADS traumatic events checklist were used to derive a latent variable. With trauma items defined dichotomously (yes/no), a unidimensional item-factor analysis⁴¹ was used to derive a single latent variable, which we called “trauma exposure.” Standardized loadings are shown.