Figure 4.

EC-derived SO₂ inhibits p50 activation to repress PAEC inflammation, PASMC proliferation, and collagen deposition. (a) Immunofluorescence in situ detection of p50 protein distribution in HPAECs. Red fluorescence represents p50 protein, and DAPI staining labels HPAEC nuclei. (b) Immunofluorescence in situ detection of p50 protein distribution in HPASMCs cocultured with HPAECs. Green fluorescence represents p50 protein, and DAPI staining labels HPASMC nuclei. (c) Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression level of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 protein in HPAECs (n = 12). (d, e) Immunofluorescence in situ detection of Ki-67 and collagen I protein expression in HPASMCs cocultured with HPAECs. Green fluorescence represents Ki-67 and collagen I protein. Andro: andrographolide, an inhibitor of p50. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM, ^∗p < 0.05, scale: 20 μm.