Table 4.

Recent examples of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for the delivery of various bioactive compounds.

Solid Lipid	Emulsifier	Bioactive Compounds	Results	Refs
Vegetable fat	Soy lecithin	Vitamin D3	SLNs retained 86% of vitamin after 65 days, compared to 61% for free vitamin	[163]
Palmitic acid	Egg lecithin/ Span 85	Anthocyanin	SLNs increased the stability of anthocyanins against high pH and temperatures	[170]
Palmitic acid	Whey protein isolate	Fish oil	SLNs effectively inhibited the oxidation of fish oil	[181]
Palmitic acid/ corn oil	Whey protein isolate	β-carotene	WPI increased the colloidal stability of SLNs, and improved β-carotene oxidative stability	[180]
Tristearin	PEGylated	Curcumin	Curcumin in PEGylated SLNs rapidly permeated through the epithelium, conferring a >12-fold increase in bioavailability compared to pure curcumin	[178]
Compritol 888 ATO	Pluronic F68	Curcumin	Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay showed a great increase in curcumin permeation when formulated as SLNs.	[168]
Stearic acid	Sodium caseinate/ pectin	Curcumin	Natural biopolymer-emulsified SLNs were prepared as curcumin delivery systems	[175]
Glyceryl monostearate	Tween 80/span 80	Citral	67% citral retained in SLNs after 12 days, whereas only 8% retained in control	[172]
Cocoa butter	Monoglyceride/ diglyceride/sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate	EGCG	SLNs protected EGCG during storage and under environmental stress	[167]
Glyceryl tristearate	Lecithin	Vitamin E	Vitamin E in SLNs remained stable during storage and its antioxidant activity was maintained	[186]
Witepsol H15	Tween 80	Rosmarinic acid	The bioactivity of rosmarinic acid in SLNs was retained when stored in a N2 controlled atmosphere for 365 days	[187]
Glycerol distearate/ glycerol monostearate	Lecithin/tween 80	Lycopene	Lycopene-loaded SLNs used to fortify an orange drink	[171]
Steric acid/tripalmitin	Tween 80/span 80	Curcumin	SLNs prolonged the release of curcumin during 48 h at pH 6.8	[33]
Glycerol monostearate/ steric acid	Soy lecithin	EGCG	EGCG-loaded SLNs exhibited higher anticancer activities than pure EGCG	[167]
Glycerol monostearate/Propylene glycol monopalmitate	Sodium caseinate-lactose Maillard conjugate	Curcumin	SLNs greatly enhanced the antioxidant activity and retention of curcumin during storage	[179]