Table 3.

Optimization-based Algorithms.

Ref.	Optimization	Performed Function	Technique Deployed
[81]	PSO	Implemented path planning for swarms	Deploys jump-out and revisit methods to avert both null search attempts and local optimum
[82]	PSO	Implemented for finding moving targets using UAVs	Employs the Bayesian theory to convert a search problem to optimized cost function which will represent the probability of discovering targets
[83]	PSO	Implements cooperate path planning for Multi-UAV operations	Deploys time stamp model to manage UAV coordination expenses
[84]	PSO	Used to create exploratory trajectories for UAV networks	Delay tolerant networking approach is used for the team of UAV to follow
[85]	BCO	Implements UAV formation, obstacle avoidance control and target tracking	Deploys metaheuristic optimization approach exploited from the intelligent behavior of honeybee swarm
[86]	BCO	Implements flight planning solution for Multi-UAVs networks	Executed based on RNA coding procedure and so creates a coding technique pool to improve global search capability
[87]	BCO	Implements to achieve efficient Node localization process in UAV networks	Deploys UAV anchors to reduce localization oversights
[88]	ACO	Optimizes energy consumption and efficient path planning for UAV collision avoidance	Uses pheromone enhancement technique to implement a gain function for efficient path planning
[89]	ACO	Implements cooperative mission planning for UAV swarm target attack	Deploys time-sensitive target probability map for determining targets
[90]	ACO	Resolves cooperative search attacks mission planning in Multi-UAV networks	Uses distributed control architecture which separates the global optimization problem into separate sets to implement