Table 2.

Systematically applied agents for the treatment of OM listed from most to less commonly used.

Agent	Effect	Reference
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors	Suppression of NF-κB, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibition of angiogenesis	[61,62]
N-acetylcysteine	Antioxidant agent that suppresses NF-κB activation	[63]
Minor Analgesics and Opioids	Mitigation of OM-related pain	[44,64]
Azelastine	Potent second-generation selective histamine antagonist used as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent	[65]
Systemic corticosteroids	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent	[66]
Antibacterial agents	Prophylaxis of aerobic (e.g., Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and anaerobic (e.g., Bacteroides spp. and Veillonella spp.) bacterial infections	[67,68,69]
Systemic administration of Fluconazole	Prophylaxis of fungal infections, which can complicate the clinical scenario, especially in immunocompromised patients. Fluconazole significantly reduced the severity of OM and the risk of RT interruption	[70]