Table 4.
Changes in hemodynamic function during submaximal exercise for 30 min before and after training by group.
| Measure | NTG (n = 10) | HTG (n = 10) | η2 (p) Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Mean Change (95% CI) |
Before | After | Mean Change (95% CI) |
Time | Group | Interaction | |
| HR (beats/30 min) |
4980.3 ± 420.0 |
4626.6 ± 210.0 |
−353.7 (−586.1, −121.3) * |
4911.3 ± 218.6 |
4257.9 ± 163.7 |
−653.4 (−795.4, −511.4) * |
0.795 (0.000) † |
0.193 (0.053) |
0.256 (0.023) † |
| VO2 (mL/kg/30 min) |
1130.4 ± 192.1 |
1114.2 ± 173.4 |
−16.22 (−49.92, 17.47) |
1115.8 ± 161.6 |
1053.3 ± 152.6 |
−62.45 (−91.16, −33.74) * |
0.473 (0.001) † |
0.014 (0.624) |
0.237 (0.030) † |
| SVi (mL/30 min) |
1497.8 ± 98.8 |
1550.1 ± 100.4 |
52.32 (8.54, 96.10) * |
1514.3 ± 194.0 |
1712.0 ± 110.6 |
197.66 (90.10, 305.22) * |
0.568 (0.000) † |
0.135 (0.111) |
0.308 (0.011) † |
| COi (L/30 min) |
240.9 ± 18.5 |
224.9 ± 20.5 |
−15.95 (−41.72, 9.83) |
251.8 ± 31.2 |
227.6 ± 34.2 |
−24.25 (−57.80, 9.30) |
0.204 (0.045) † |
0.043 (0.382) |
0.011 (0.662) |
Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations. CI, confidence interval; COi, cardiac output index; HTG, hypoxic training group; HR, heart rate; NTG, normoxic training group; SVi, stroke volume index; VO2, oxygen uptake. Significant interaction or main effect: † p < 0.05; Significant difference before versus after training: * p < 0.05.