Table 3.

Green sol-gel synthesis approach for the preparation of TiO₂ nanostructures.

Material	Green Synthesis	Reactant	Reference
TiO2	Lagenaria siceraria and Pithecellobium dulce leaf	Titanium tetraisopropoxide, isopropanol, acetic acid, and ethanol	[92]
TiO2	A. altissima leaf extracts	Titanic acid and water	[93]
TiO2	Leaf extract of L. siceraria	Titanium (IV)-isopropoxide, ammonia, glacial acetic acid, and ethanol	[94]
TiO2	Jatropha curcas L.	TiCl4, ammonia	[95]
TiO2	Acanthophyllum laxiusculum SchimanCzeika roots	Titanium tetraisopropoxide(TTIP), 2-propanol, nitric acid	[96]
TiO2	Pista Shell, Tamarind Seed, Corn Pith	Isopropanol, titanium tetraisopropoxide, acetic acid (2%)	[97]
TiO2	Green tea extract powder	Titanium isopropoxide, isopropanol	[98]