Table 2.

Summary of recommendations regarding the measurement and supplementation of iron, zinc, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and LCPUFAs in discharged infants in the first year of life.

	Measurements	Supplementation
Iron	Measurement of iron storage status is recommended: -at discharge -during follow-up -at the beginning of complementary feeding	Iron supplementation should be tailored according to: -birth weight -gestational age -type of feeding -need for catch up growth -iron status
Zinc	Serial measurements of zinc concentration are not recommended unless evidence of zinc deficiency is detectable	Zinc supplementation through the first year of life may be advisable, particularly in breastfed infants with impaired growth
Vitamin D	Serial measurements of Vitamin D are not recommended, unless specific risk factors are identified	Vitamin D supplementation is recommended at least up to the first year of life
LCPUFAs	Serial measurements of LCPUFA, particularly DHA and AA, are not recommended	DHA supplementation may be advisable but there is no sufficient evidence to advise specific timing and doses
Calcium and Phosphorus	Serial measurements of serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathormone (PTH) and vitamin D are not recommended but may be advisable in VLBW infants in the first weeks after discharge. Assessment of urinary calcium and phosphate to creatinine ratios may be useful.	Calcium 140–160 mg/100 kcal (AAP) 70–140 mg/100 kcal (ESPGHAN) Phosphorus 95–108 mg/100 kcal (AAP) 50–86 mg/100 kcal (ESPGHAN)

AAP: American Academy of Pediatrics; ESPGHAN: European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; VLBW: Very Low Birth Weight.