Table 3.
Effects of TT supplementation on serum sphingolipid, phospholipid, and other lipid metabolites in mice fed HFD compared to the HFD control group.
| Sub Pathway | Metabolite Name | HFD+TT800/HFD |
|---|---|---|
| Sphingolipid Metabolism | palmitoyl dihydrosphingomyelin (d18:0/16:0) | 1.08 |
| palmitoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0) | 0.31 | |
| behenoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/22:0) | 1.32 | |
| sphingomyelin (d17:1/16:0, d18:1/15:0, d16:1/17:0) | 1.19 | |
| sphingomyelin (d18:2/16:0, d18:1/16:1) | 1.11 | |
| sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:1, d18:2/18:0) | 1.26 | |
| sphingomyelin (d18:1/20:1, d18:2/20:0) | 1.24 | |
| sphingomyelin (d18:1/24:1, d18:2/24:0) | 1.14 | |
| sphingomyelin (d18:2/21:0, d16:2/23:0) | 0.78 | |
| sphingomyelin (d18:2/24:2) | 1.21 | |
| sphingomyelin (d18:1/22:2, d18:2/22:1, d16:1/24:2) | 1.21 | |
| sphingomyelin (d18:2/18:1) | 1.24 | |
| sphingomyelin (d18:1/19:0, d19:1/18:0) | 0.72 | |
| Phospholipid Metabolism | glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) | 1.25 |
| glycerophosphoinositol (GPI) | 1.20 | |
| trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) | 0.58 | |
| Phosphatidylcholine (PC) | 1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:0/16:1) | 1.15 |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPC (16:0/18:1) | 1.12 | |
| 1,2-dilinoleoyl-GPC (18:2/18:2) | 1.24 | |
| Lysophospholipid | 1-lignoceroyl-GPC (24:0) | 1.39 |
| 1-stearoyl-GPE (18:0) | 1.17 | |
| Plasmalogen | 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-palmitoyl-GPC (P-16:0/16:0) | 1.23 |
| 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-linoleoyl-GPC (P-16:0/18:2) | 1.17 | |
| Monoacylglycerol | 1-dihomo-linolenylglycerol (20:3) | 1.66 |
| Diacylglycerol | palmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:2) | 0.40 |
| Ceramides | glycosyl ceramide (d18:1/20:0, d16:1/22:0) | 1.21 |
| Mevalonate Metabolism | Mevalonate | 0.84 |
| Primary Bile Acid Metabolism | beta-muricholate | 0.69 |
Metabolite values are expressed as the ratio of HFD+TT800/HFD which is the fold change of the treated HFD+TT800 group compared to the HFD control group. A ratio greater than 1 indicates a value larger for the treated group (HFD+TT800) and less than 1 the value for HFD+TT800 group is lower compared to the HFD control group. Green indicates fold reduction and red is for fold increase by TT supplementation with p ≤ 0.05 obtained from the Student’s t-test. Yellow indicates fold reduction and pink is for fold increase by TT supplementation with 0.05 < p < 0.1 that was obtained from the Student’s t-test.