Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for patients before and after propensity score matching. Data are shown as mean ± SD continuous variables and as (%) for proportions.
| Before Matching | After Matching | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open | Video | Effect Size | p * | Open | Video | Effect Size | p * | |
| Laparoscopic | Laparoscopic | |||||||
| Surgery | Surgery | Surgery | Surgery | |||||
| Frequency (%) | 51 (37.00) | 87 (63.00) | 49 (50.00) | 49 (50.00) | ||||
| Age (years) | 72 ± 9.02 | 66.83 ± 10.27 | 0.535 | 0.001 | 71.78 ± 9.1 | 63.12 ± 11.02 | 0.856 | 0.001 ‡ |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 25 (49.00) | 27 (31.00) | 0.373 | 0.029 | 24 (49.00) | 12 (24.50) | 0.525 | 0.001 |
| Male | 26 (51.00) | 60 (69.00) | 25 (51.00) | 37 (75.50) | ||||
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 35.13 ± 5.45 | 32.98 ± 3.56 | 0.467 | 0.001 | 35.23 ± 5.52 | 32.05 ± 2.55 | 0.741 | 0.001 |
| Grading | ||||||||
| G1 | 9 (22.00) | 16 (20.50) | 0.684 | 0.001 | 8 (20.00) | 9 (19.60) | 0.702 | 0.001 |
| G2 | 18 (43.90) | 55 (70.50) | 18 (45.00) | 33 (71.70) | ||||
| G3 | 14 (34.10) | 7 (9.00) | 14 (35.00) | 4 (8.70) | ||||
| Tumor location | ||||||||
| Right | 19 (37.30) | 22 (25.30) | 0.101 | 19 (38.80) | 3 (6.10) | 1.036 | 0.001 | |
| Left | 10 (19.60) | 31 (35.60) | 0.385 | 9 (18.40) | 27 (55.10) | |||
| Rectum | 22 (22.43) | 34 (39.10) | 21 (42.90) | 19 (38.80) | ||||
| Type of surgery Anastomosis | ||||||||
| Hartmann Technique | 4 (7.80) | 1 (1.10) | 0.398 | 0.064 a | 4 (8.20) | 1 (2.00) | 0.354 | 0.219 a |
| Mile Techniques | 1 (2.00) | 1 (1.10) | 1 (2.00) | -- | ||||
| Postoperative hospital stay (days) | 10.16 ± 7.65 | 7.07 ± 3.05 | 0.103 | 0.001 | 10.16 ± 7.65 | 6.33 ± 1.25 | 0.700 | 0.001 |
| Harvested Lymph Nodes (n) | 19.09 ± 9.4 | 16.82 ± 9.75 | 0.237 | 0.101 | 19.18 ± 9.49 | 15 ± 8.23 | 0.470 | 0.019 |
| Staging | ||||||||
| 0 | 1 (2.50) | -- | 0.201 | 0.192 a | 1 (2.50) | -- | 0.538 | 0.652 a |
| I | 9 (22.50) | 24 (31.20) | 9 (22–50) | 13 (27.70) | ||||
| II | 12 (30.00) | 28 (36.40) | 12 (30.00) | 17 (36.20) | ||||
| III | 14 (35.00) | 23 (29.90) | 14 (35.00) | 15 (31.90) | ||||
| IV | 4 (10.00) | 2 (2.60) | 4 (10.00) | 2 (4.30) | ||||
| V | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||||
| Operative time (min) | 140.11 ± 50.80 | 144.94 ± 42.33 | 0.103 | 0.332 | 139.22 ± 51.01 | 147.81 ± 41.84 | 0.184 | 0.192 |
| Previous surgery (yes) | 30 (58.80) | 50 (57.50) | 0.027 | 0.871 | 28 (57.10) | 24 (49.00) | 0.164 | 0.411 |
| Readmission (yes) | 6 (11.80) | 10 (11.50) | 0.008 | 0.962 | 6 (12.20) | 5 (10.20) | 0.065 | 0.742 |
| Re-intervention (yes) | 7 (13.70) | 19 (21.80) | 0.213 | 0.231 | 6 (12.20) | 13 (26.50) | 0.367 | 0.073 |
| Length of Specimen (cm) | 34.11 ± 13.8 | 29.85 ± 10.69 | 0.345 | 0.042 | 34.18 ± 13.95 | 28.84 ± 7.65 | 0.475 | 0.010 |
| Clearance (cm) | 6.62 ± 6.60 | 5.35 ± 4.02 | 0.232 | 0.991 | 6.71 ± 6.66 | 5.11 ± 4.12 | 0.290 | 0.742 |
| CRM (<1 mm) | 2 (10.50) | 2 (6.70) | 0.138 | 0.623 | 2 (11.10) | 2 (11.10) | 0.001 | 0.901 |
| Time to flatus (days) | 3.12 ± 1.08 | 2.31 ± 0.74 | 0.880 | 0.001 | 3.12 ± 1.08 | 2.3 ± 0.68 | 0.903 | 0.001 |
| Time to canalization | ||||||||
| Anastomosis (days) | 4.59 ± 1.31 | 3.77 ± 1.16 | 0.660 | 0.001 | 4.59 ± 1.31 | 3.67 ± 1.12 | 0.757 | 0.001 |
| Stoma (days) | 2.27 ± 1.27 | 1.57 ± 0.728 | 0.683 | 0.082 | 2.27 ± 1.27 | 1.47 ± 0.8 | 0.755 | 0.039 |
| Liquid oral diet (days) | 2.77 ± 1.2 | 1.96 ± 0.99 | 0.736 | 0.001 | 2.77 ± 1.2 | 1.86 ± 0.89 | 0.868 | 0.001 |
| Solid oral diet (days) | 4.41 ± 1.24 | 3.45 ± 1.15 | 0.804 | 0.001 | 4.41 ± 1.24 | 3.2 ± 1.12 | 1.019 | 0.001 |
| Postoperative complications | ||||||||
| Dehiscence (yes) | 11 (21.60) | 5 (5.70) | 0.473 | 0.001 | 10 (20.40) | 2 (4.10) | 0.514 | 0.001 |
| (Clavien–Dindo) | 1.36 ± 1.37 | 0.77 ± 1.37 | 0.471 | 0.010 | 1.22 ± 1.22 | 0.63 ± 0.95 | 0.538 | 0.021 |
| 0 | 19 (40.40) | 51 (60.00) | 0.505 | 0.152 a | 19 (42.20) | 32 (65.30) | 0.556 | 0.14 a |
| I | 5 (10.60) | 10 (11.80) | 5 (11.10) | 5 (10.20) | ||||
| II | 15 (31.90) | 19 (22.40) | 15 (33.30) | 10 (20.40) | ||||
| III | 4 (8.50) | 2 (2.40) | 4 (8.90) | 2 (4.10) | ||||
| IV | 3 (6.40) | 3 (3.50) | 2 (4.40) | -- | ||||
| V | 1 (2.10) | -- | -- | -- | ||||
Effect Size: Standardized differences for continuous variables and prevalence differences for categorical variables; * Mann–Whitney sum rank test used where not otherwise specified; ‡ independent samples t test. Chi squared test used for categorical variables where not otherwise specified; a Fisher’s exact test. Significance shown in bold.