Table 5.

Overview of important fluorophores and their excitation (λ_EX) and emission (λ_EM) wavelengths.

Fluorophore	λEX	λEM
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)	494 nm	518 nm
Tetramethylrhodamine-isothiocyanate (TRITC)	555 nm	580 nm
Hoechst 33342 and 33258	352 nm	461 nm
Propidium iodide (PI)	536 nm	617 nm
Ethidium bromide	518 nm	605 nm
DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)	358 nm	461 nm
Cy3	550 nm	570 nm
Cy5	649 nm	670 nm