Skip to main content
. 2021 Apr 13;10(8):1665. doi: 10.3390/jcm10081665
Summary Box.
What is already known about risk factors for PCa
Cigarette smoking, family history of PCa, diabetes mellitus, cystic lesions of pancreas, and pancreatitis are well-established risk factors for PCa.
What our systematic review has revealed about the exposome for PCa
We provided a template for a generalized approach to identify risk factors that contribute to PCa incidence and progression. We identified a list of non-modifiable factors that could alert clinicians of at-risk individuals, and modifiable factors which can be controlled in order to decrease PCa incidence.
We observed that several of these factors are associated with the inflammatory pathway which suggest that PCa carcinogenesis is driven by inflammatory processes.
Non-Modifiable Factors:

  • Non-O blood group;

  • Diabetes mellitus;

  • Pancreatitis;

  • Metabolic syndrome;

  • Family history of PCa;

  • Genetic factors;

  • Cystic lesions;

  • Inflammatory markers.

 Modifiable Factors:

  • Smoking;

  • Alcohol consumption;

  • Dietary factors;

  • Obesity;

  • Metabolic syndrome;

  • Infectious agents (HBV, pathogenic oral bacteria);

  • Pesticide exposure;

  • Allergies.