Figure 7.

Effects of ZnO NPs on gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves under chilling stress. Gene expression of rice seedlings subjected to 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L of ZnO NPs under chilling stress was measured, respectively. Gene expression was first normalized to the UBQ5 gene in rice as an internal control and executed relative to each gene’s expression of control (assigned a value of 1). The data given are the averages of three replicates, with the SD shown by the error bars. Different letters above error bars show the differences at p < 0.05.