Table 1.
Selected examples and comparison of in planta produced microparticles.
| Particles | Expression System |
Size [µm] | PTMs | In Vivo Studies |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein bodies |
Rice | ~1 | + | ASIT against Japanese Cedar pollen allergen |
[62,63] |
| Tobacco | 1–2 | + | Immunization against H5 | [64] | |
| Tobacco | 0.6–1 | n.d. | Immunization against BTV serotypes | [65] | |
| Oil bodies |
Safflower seeds |
0.5–2.5 | - | Transdermal drug delivery of hormones: rhFGF9, hEGF | [66,67] |
| Starch granules |
Maize | ~2 | - | n.a.; only in vitro digestion of encapsulated LT-B antigen | [68] |
| Algae | ~1.5 | - | Immunization against plasmodial antigens | [69] |
Abbreviations: PTMs: posttranslational modifications; Ref.: references; ASIT: allergen-specific immunotherapy; n.d.: not determined; H5: hemagglutinin subtype 5; BTV: bluetongue mosaic virus; rhFGF9: recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-9; hEGF: human epidermal growth factor; n.a.: not available.