Figure 1.

The processes of 3D bioprinting of human tissues. (1) In pre-processing: isolation of cells from the human body and in vitro cell expansion, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or Computed tomography (CT) scanning were used to achieve the structure information of the target tissue and create the printing model, such as ear, kidney, and bone; (2) In processing: bioink preparation, 3D bioprinting of 3D cell-laden scaffolds guided by the MRI or CT scanning tissue models; (3) In post-processing: bioreactor culture system for in vitro scaffold maturation to be 3D functional human tissues, and potential applications of the 3D bioprinted human tissues. Pictures modified with permission from Reference [16].