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. 2021 Apr 13;11(4):569. doi: 10.3390/biom11040569

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Hyperglycemic cardiac tissues and cardiomyocytes cells exhibited increased TGFβ expression which was ameliorated with CXCR4 antagonist in vitro and with GLC both in vivo and in vitro. (a) Fibrotic marker TGF-β was evaluated in cardiac tissue of ZDF rats which showed a marked increase compared to the lean control group (* p < 0.05). Four weeks of GLC treatment decreased TGFβ expression significantly in the cardiac tissue of ZDF rats (# p < 0.001). (b) Hyperglycemic AC-16 cardiomyocytes (Glu +) showed increased TGFβ expression whereas treatment with CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100 (AMD +) showed significant decrease in TGF-β expression similar to the GLC treatment (GLC +; ** p < 0.01).