Table 2.
No DR | NPDR | PDR | DME | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild | Moderate | Severe | Non-Centre Involving | Centre | |||
PDR progression risk within 1 year/3 years | 5%/14% | 12–27%/30.48% | 52%/71% | ||||
Referral to ophthalmologist | Not required | Not required | Required | Required | Required | Recommended if laser sources available * | Required |
Treatment | Observation | Observation/PRP | PRP | Anti-VEGF/PRP/VPP | Laser: Focal/Grid | Anti-VEGF | |
Antioxidants role | Potentially indicated | Worthwhile? | Potentially indicated | ||||
Follow-up | 1–2 years | 6–12 months/1–2 years * | 3–6 months/6–12 months * | <3 months | <1 month If stabilised: 6 to 12 months |
3 months | 1 month |
DR = diabetic retinopathy; NPDR = nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; NV = neovascularisation; PDR = proliferative diabetic retinopathy; DME = diabetic macular oedema; PRP = panretinal photocoagulation; FA = fluorescein angiography; PPV = pars plana vitrectomy, VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor. * Specific recommendations for low or intermediate resource settings [3].