Figure 4.

S. aureus-mediated cell death in HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were treated with 1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL of S. aureus for the indicated times. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the mRNA levels of caspase-3 (A), Bcl2 (B), caspase-1 (C), caspase-7 (D), Rip1 (E), and MLKL (F). The data displayed are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was conducted with a one-way ANOVA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. 0 h. (G) Protein levels were examined via Western blotting. (H) A fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was performed to examine the type of cell death that occurred in S. aureus-infected HaCaT cells.