Table 1.
Maternal and infant demographic details. These data are for the whole group, gestational diabetes (GDM) and normoglycemic women combined a.
| n | Total Cohort (n = 29) | GDM (n = 22) | Normoglycemia (n = 7) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at delivery, years | 29 | 33 (30.6–36.1) | 33 (30.6–36.2) | 32 (29.5–38.2) | 0.64 |
| Gestational age of enrolment, days | 29 | 252 (243–254) | 253 (242–255) | 250 (214–267) | 0.72 |
| G, n (%) | 29 | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | |
| P, n (%) | 29 | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–3) | |
| BMI—recalled prepregnancy weight, kg/m2 | 28 | 25.1 (21.3–28.3) | 25.3 (20.9–29) | 23.6 (18–29.3) | 0.64 |
| BMI—enrolment, kg/m2 | 27 | 29.7 (26.0–30.7) | 28.8 (26–30.7) | 29.8 (23.1–33.9) | 0.8 |
| SBP enrolment, mmHg | 28 | 109 (100–118) | 108 (100–120) | 110 (98–119) | 0.77 |
| DBP enrolment, mmHg | 28 | 70 (60–72) | 70 (60–75) | 70 (58–78) | 0.91 |
| Caucasian ethnicity, n (%) | 29 | 20 (68.9) | 16 (72.7) | 4 (57.1) | |
| Diagnosis of GDM, n (%) | 29 | 22 (75.8) | 22 (100) | - | |
| Management of GDM with diet/exercise alone, n (%) | 22 | 12 (55) | 12 (55) | - | |
| Management of GDM with insulin alone, n (%) | 22 | 6 (27) | 6 (27) | - | |
| Management of GDM with metformin alone, n (%) | 22 | 2 (9) | 2 (9) | - | |
| Vaginal delivery, n (%) | 29 | 18 (62) | 14 (63.6) | 4 (57.1) | |
| Fasting Maternal Bloods | |||||
| HbA1c mmol/mol | 25 | 32 (30–34) | 32 (30–34) | 32 (29–36) | 0.97 |
| HbA1c, % | 25 | 5.1 (4.9–5.3) | 5.1 (4.9–5.3) | 5.1 (4.76–5.4) | 0.97 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 27 | 4.3 (4–4.7) | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 3.8 (3.4–4.5) | 0.01 |
| HDL mmol/L | 27 | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 1.7 (1.5–1.8) | 2.0 (1.5–2.4) | 0.21 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 27 | 3.5 (2.6–4.2) | 3.5 (2.5–4.4) | 4.1 (2.3–5.8) | 0.56 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 27 | 2.8 (2.1–3.4) | 2.7 (2.1–3.3) | 3.2 (1.8–4.8) | 0.66 |
| Total Cholesterol, mmol/L | 27 | 6.9 (5.5–7.7) | 6.8 (5–7.7) | 8.2 (53) | 0.26 |
| Infant Parameters | |||||
| Gestational age of delivery, days | 29 | 274 (268–278) | 274 (267–278) | 276 (255–285) | 0.57 |
| Birth weight, g | 29 | 3450 (3174–3645) | 3435 (3140–3760) | 3450 (2909–4145) | 0.74 |
| Birth weight centile b, % | 29 | 37 (24.4–70.3) | 36 (32–58) | 55 (28–80) | 0.41 |
| Birth length, cm | 29 | 51 (49.5–52.5) | 51 (49–53) | 51 (49.5–52.5) | >0.99 |
| Birth weight >4000 g, n (%) | 29 | 3 (10.3%) | 2 (9) | 1 (14.2) | |
| Female, n (%) | 29 | 17 (58.6) | 14 (63.6) | 3 (42.9) | |
| NICU admission, n (%) | 29 | 2 (6.8) | 1 (4.5) | 1 (14.2) | |
| SCN admission, n (%) | 29 | 3 (10.3) | 0 | 3 (42.9) | |
a Data is presented as median and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) unless otherwise indicated. b Centile calculated from the Gestation Network centile calculator, which adjusts for infant sex, gestational age of delivery, maternal Body Mass Index (BMI), ethnicity and parity [14]. NICU—neonatal intensive care unit, SCN—special care nursery.