Table 5.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of the response to NAC.
| Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | HR | 95% CI | p-Value |
| Age (<48 vs. ≥48 years) | 1.322 | 0.66–2.64 | 0.430 | |||
| Smoking status | 0.877 | |||||
| Non-smoker vs. current smoker | 0.550 | 0.06–5.43 | 0.608 | |||
| Non-smoker vs. ex-smoker | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Drinking status | 0.896 | |||||
| Non-drinker vs. current drinker | 0.762 | 0.24–2.41 | 0.644 | |||
| Non-drinker vs. ex-drinker | 0.897 | 0.10–7.92 | 0.922 | |||
| Pre-NAC skeletal muscle mass (Skeletal muscle loss vs. non-skeletal muscle loss) | 2.749 | 1.15–6.58 | 0.023 | 0.193 | 0.04–0.94 | 0.042 |
| Post-NAC skeletal muscle mass (Skeletal muscle loss vs. non-skeletal muscle loss) | 20.074 | 8.45–47.69 | <0.001 | 64.566 | 15.13–275.58 | <0.001 |
| Change in skeletal muscle mass † | <0.001 | |||||
| Group 1 vs. 2 | N/A | N/A | 0.999 | |||
| Group 1 vs. 3 | 0.250 | 0.52–1.20 | 0.083 | |||
| Group 1 vs. 4 | 10.824 | 3.79–30.90 | <0.001 | |||
| Body mass index | 0.904 | |||||
| Underweight vs. Obese | 1.086 | 0.12–9.90 | 0.942 | |||
| Normal vs. Obese | 0.739 | 0.32–1.72 | 0.483 | |||
| Overweight vs. Obese | 0.798 | 0.27–2.33 | 0.680 | |||
| ER (negative vs. positive) | 0.723 | 0.35–1.49 | 0.381 | |||
| PR (negative vs. positive) | 1.028 | 0.51–2.07 | 0.938 | |||
| HER2 (negative vs. positive) | 1.465 | 0.66–3.27 | 0.352 | |||
| Ki-67 (<15 vs. ≥15) | 0.725 | 0.35–1.48 | 0.377 | |||
| Pathology | 0.009 | 0.056 | ||||
| IDC vs. ILC | 0.103 | 0.02–0.64 | 0.015 | 1.209 | 0.09–16.90 | 0.888 |
| IDC vs. mucinous | 0.103 | 0.02–0.64 | 0.015 | 0.067 | 0.01–0.47 | 0.006 |
| IDC vs. others | 0.463 | 0.05–4.59 | 0.510 | 0.640 | 0.03–12.71 | 0.770 |
| T stage | 0.131 | |||||
| T1 vs. T2 | 0.602 | 0.19–1.87 | 0.380 | |||
| T1 vs. T3 | 0.310 | 0.09–1.13 | 0.076 | |||
| T1 vs. T4 | 0.272 | 0.07–1.04 | 0.057 | |||
| N stage | 0.086 | |||||
| N0 vs. N1 | 0.913 | 0.32–2.61 | 0.865 | |||
| N0 vs. N2 | 0.356 | 0.12–1.03 | 0.058 | |||
| N0 vs. N3 | 0.410 | 0.13–1.26 | 0.120 | |||
| Stage (stage I/II vs. stage III) | 0.293 | 0.14–0.62 | 0.001 | 0.276 | 0.11–0.71 | 0.007 |
Abbreviations: NAC, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy; HR, Hazard ratio; CI, Confidence interval; NA, Not applicable; ER, Estrogen receptor; PR, Progesterone receptor, HER2, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; IDC, Invasive ductal carcinoma; ILC, Invasive lobular carcinoma; T stage, Tumor stage; N stage, Node stage. † Group 1: Patients with skeletal muscle loss in both pre-NAC and post-NAC, Group 2: Patients who had skeletal muscle loss in pre-NAC but changed to non-skeletal muscle loss in post-NAC, Group 3: Patients who changed from non-skeletal muscle loss in pre-NAC to skeletal muscle loss in post-NAC, Group 4: Patients with non-skeletal muscle loss in both pre-NAC and post-NAC.