Table 1.
Potential probiotic candidates for the prevention or treatment of antibiotic-associated complications seen in COVID-19 patients.
| Probiotic | Number of Randomized Controlled Trials 1 | Strength of Evidence 2 | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prevention of AAD | |||
| S. boulardii I-745 “Florastor” | 18+/9− | Strong | Szajewska [56] Sniffen [22] |
| L. acidophilus CL1285 + L. casei LBC80R + L. rhamnosus CLR2 “Bio-K+” | 3+/1− | Strong | Sniffen [22] |
| L. casei DN114001 “Actimel” | 2+/0− | Strong | Sniffen [22] |
| L. acidophilus La5 + B. lactis Bb12 | 3+/3− | Moderate | Sniffen [22] |
| L. rhamnosus GG “Culturelle” | 3+/8− | Weak | Szajewska [55] |
| Prevention of CDI | |||
| S. boulardii I-745 “Florastor” | 1+/11− | Weak | Sniffen [22] |
| L. rhamnosus GG “Culturelle” | 1+/4− | Weak | Sniffen [22] |
| L. acidophilus CL1285 + L. casei LBC80R + L. rhamnosus CLR2 “Bio-K+” | 2+/2− | Moderate | Sniffen [22] |
| Prevention of VAP | |||
| “Synbiotic 2000” 3 | 2+/2− | Moderate | Su [57] |
| Treatment of COVID-19 Diarrhea | |||
| “Sivomaxx” 4 | 1+/0− | Weak | D’ettorre [58] |
1 Number of trials with significant effect (+)/number with non-significant effect (−), 2 Strength of evidence: strong, at least two more significant trials compared to number of non-significant trials; moderate, similar number of significant and non-significant trials; weak, more non-significant trials, 3 Synbiotic 2000: Leuconostoc mesenteroides 32-77:1, L. paracasei 19, L. plantarum 2362, Pediococcus pentoseceus 5-33:3 and inulin, 4 Sivomaxx: Lactobacillus brevis DSM27961, L. acidophilus DSM32241, L. helveticus DSM32242, L. paracasei DSM32243, L. plantarum DSM32244, Strept. thermophilus DSM32245, Bifidobacterium lactis DSM32246 and Bifidobacterium lactis DSM32247.