AAD	antibiotic-associated diarrhea
ASP	antibiotic stewardship programs
Bifido.	Bifidobacterium
C.	Clostridioides
CDI	C. difficile infections
C.I.	confidence interval
COVID-19	coronavirus disease 2019
ICU	intensive care unit
L. acidophilus	Lactobacillus acidophilus
L. bulgaricus	Lactobacillus delbrueckii ss. bulgaricus
L. helveticus	Lactobacillus helveticus
L. casei	Lacticaseibacillus casei
L. reuteri	Limosilactobacillus reuteri
L. rhamnosus	Lacticasebacillus rhamnosus
U.S.	United States of America
RCTs	randomized controlled trials
SARS-CoV-2	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
S.	Saccharomyces
Strept	Streptococcus
VAP	ventilator-associated pneumonia
vs.	versus
WHO	World Health Organization