Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies and outcomes extracted.
| Study | N | Mean Age (y) | Sex | Population | Type of Control Group | Test Used for Assessing the BMD | Body Parts Analyzed | Body Part Extracted for Meta-Analysis as Main Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barene et al. [43] | SSGs group: 37 Zumba group: 35 Passive control: 35 |
SSGs group: 44.1 ± 8.7 Zumba group: 45.9 ± 9.6 Passive control: 47.4 ± 9.5 |
Women a | Health female hospital employees | One active control group (Zumba) One passive control group |
DXA | Total body (g/cm2) Lumbar spine (g/cm2) Lower limb (g/cm2) |
Total body (g/cm2) Lumbar spine (g/cm2) Lower limb (g/cm2) |
| Helge et al. [44] | SSGs group: 9 Resistance training: 8 Passive control: 6 |
SSGs group: 68.0 ± 4.0 Resistance training: 69.1 ± 3.1 Passive control: 67.4 ± 2.7 |
Men | Healthy elderly | One active control group (resistance training) One passive control group |
DXA | Femoral neck (g/cm2) Femoral shaft (g/cm2) Proximal femur (g/cm2) Whole body (g/cm2) |
Whole body (g/cm2) Femoral shaft (right) (g/cm2) |
| Helge et al. [45] | SSGs group: 12 Running group: 16 Passive control: 9 |
All: 36.3 ± 8.2 | Women | Premenopausal women | One active control group (running training) One passive control group |
pQCT | Total distal tibia (mg/cm3) Trabecular distal tibia (mg/cm3) Cortical + subcortical distal tibia (mg/cm3) |
Total distal tibia right (mg/cm3) |
| Krustrup et al. [46] | SSGs group: 7 Running group: 8 Passive control: 7 |
SSGs group: 40 ± 3 Running group: 40 ± 2 Passive control: 38 ± 4 |
Women | Premenopausal women | One active control group (running training) One passive control group |
DXA | Whole body (g/cm2) Legs (g/cm2) |
Whole body (g/cm2) Legs (g/cm2) |
| Krustrup et al. [47] | SSGs group: 12 Running group: 9 Passive control: 10 |
SSGs group: 30 ± 2 Running group: 31 ± 2 Passive control: 30 ± 2 |
Men | Healthy | One active control group (running training) One passive control group |
DXA | Whole body (g/cm2) | Whole body (g/cm2) |
| Mohr et al. [48] | SSGs group: 21 Swimming moderate: 21 Swimming high: 21 Passive control: 20 |
SSGs group: 45 ± 14 Swimming moderate: 46 ± 9 Swimming high: 44 ± 9 Passive control: 45 ± 9 |
Women | Premenopausal women | Two active control group (swimming at moderate and high-intensity) One passive control group |
DXA | Total body (g/cm2) Leg right (g/cm2) Pelvis (g/cm2) Arm (g/cm2) Head (g/cm2) |
Total body (g/cm2) Leg right (g/cm2) Pelvis (g/cm2) |
| Randers et al. [49] | SSGs group: 12 Passive control: 10 |
All: 20–43 | Men | Healthy | One passive control group | DXA | Total body (g/cm2) Leg (g/cm2) |
Total body (g/cm2) Leg (g/cm2) |
| Skoradal et al. [50] | SSGs group: 32 (14 women) Passive control: 23 (11 women) |
All: 61 ± 9 | Men and women | Prediabetes | One passive control group | DXA | Whole body (g/cm2) Head (g/cm2) Chest (g/cm2) Midriff (g/cm2) Pelvis (g/cm2) Arms (g/cm2) |
Whole body (g/cm2) Midriff (g/cm2) Pelvis (g/cm2) |
| Uth et al. [51] | SSGs group: 21 Passive control: 20 |
SSGs group: 67.1 ± 7.1 Passive control: 66.5 ± 4.9 |
Men | Prostate cancer | One passive control group | DXA | Total body (g/cm2) Leg (g/cm2) |
Total body (g/cm2) Leg (g/cm2) |
N: number of participants in the study; M: men; W: women; h: hour; CG: control group; BMD: bone mineral density; a: only women were included in data analysis; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; SSG: small-sided games; pQCT: peripheral quantitative computed tomography.