Nrf2 or p62 knockdown affects melanosome reduction via autophagy. WB of Nrf2, p62, ATG5-ATG12 complex, LC3A/B-I, II, or PMEL. B16F0 cells were transfected with siRNA against Nrf2 (A,B) or p62 (C,D) for 24 h and treated with DMF02 for 12 h or 48 h. (E) B16F0 cells were transfected with siRNA against Nrf2 or p62 for 24 h and treated with DMF02 for 78 h. The amount of melanin was quantified by absorbance values, measured at 405 nm, and are represented as a relative fold. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM from two independent experiments in duplicate. # p < 0.05 vs. scrambled siRNA plus medium alone-added group. * p < 0.05 vs. scrambled siRNA plus DMF02-treated group. The difference was determined using the Student’s t-test.