| aBMD | Areal bone mineral density |
| AT | Aerobic training |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| CR | Caloric restriction |
| CTX | C-telopeptide of type I collagen |
| DXA | Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| EX | Exercise |
| GRECC | Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center |
| P1NP | Procollagen of type 1 n-terminal propeptide |
| PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses |
| PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
| QCT | Quantitative computed tomography |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| RT | Resistance training |
| WL | Weight loss |