Table 3.

Analgesic interventions that are not recommended for pain management in patients undergoing open liver resection

Intervention	Reason for not recommending
Ketamine	Lack of procedure-specific evidence
Gabapentinoids	Lack of procedure-specific evidence
Intravenous lidocaine	Lack of procedure-specific evidence
Dexamethasone	Lack of procedure-specific evidence
Intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine	Limited procedure-specific evidence
Intraoperative use of magnesium sulfate	Limited procedure-specific evidence
Intrathecal morphine	Limited procedure-specific evidence
Quadratus lumborum block	Limited procedure-specific evidence
Continuous wound infiltration	Limited procedure-specific evidence
Continuous paravertebral nerve block	Limited procedure-specific evidence
Postoperative intrapleural local anesthetics	Limited procedure-specific evidence