Table 1.
Effect of fiber and meat consumption in the prevention of acute diverticulitis and diverticula bleeding.
| Author, Year | Country | Type of Study | Follow-Up (Years) |
Number of pts, Gender, Age | Dietary Assessment | Main Outcome |
Intervention/Control | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ma W, 2019 [20] | US | Prospective cohort study (Nurses’ Health Stydy) |
24 | 50,019 women, 43–70 years | FFQ (131 food items) |
Dietary fibre consumption and risk of diverticulitis | Intake of fiber divided into quintile |
Diverticulitis Compared with patients in the lowest quintile (Q1), patients in the highest quintile (Q5) had: Multivariable adjusted HR = 0.86 (95%CI: 0.78–0.95) for total fibre; HR = 0.89 (95%CI: 0.81–0.99) for cereal fibre; HR = 0.83 (95%CI: 0.75–0.92) for fruit fibre; HR = 0.91 (95%CI: 0.83–1.01) for vegetable fibre. |
| Cao Y, 2018 [21] | US | Prospective cohort study, (Health Professional Follow-up Study) | 26 | 46,461 men 40–75 years |
FFQ | Meat consumption and risk of diverticulitis | Intake of meat divided into quintile |
Diverticulitis Compared with men in the lowest quintile (Q1), men in the highest quintile (Q5) had: Multivariable RR of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.19–2.11) for total red meat; Multivariable RR of 1.51 (95% CI: 1.12–2.03) for unprocessed red meat; Multivariable RR of 1.03 (95% CI: 0.78–1.35) for processed red meat. Higher consumption of poultry or fish was not associated with risk of diverticulitis. |
| Strate LL, 2017 [22] | US | Prospective cohort study, (Health Professional Follow-up Study) |
26 | 46,295 men 40–75 years |
FFQ (131–148 food items) |
Dietary patterns and risk of diverticulitis | Western and Prudent dietary pattern, AHEI, into quintile |
Diverticulitis Compared with men in the lowest quintile (Q1), men in the highest quintile (Q5) had: Multivariate HR= 1.55 (95% CI:1.20–1.99) for Western pattern; Multivariate HR = 0.74 (95%CI: 0.60–0.91) for Prudent pattern; Multivariate HR = 0.67 (0.55–0.82) for AHEI pattern. |
| Crowe FL, 2014 [23] | UK | Prospective cohort study (The Million Women Study) |
6 | 690,075 women 50–65 yrs |
Questionnaire (40 food and beverage items) | Dietary fibre consumption and hospitalization for diverticular disease | Intake in quintile of fiber (g/day) |
Complicated diverticular disease * The RR for complicated DD per 5 gr/day were: Total fiber: 0.70 (95%CI: 0.58–0.84); Cereal: 0.65 (95%CI: 0.49–0.85); Fruit:0.60 (95%CI: 0.42–0.85); Non-potato vegetable: 0.70 (95%CI: 0.37–1.30). |
| Strate LL, 2008 [24] | US | Prospective cohort study, (Health Professional Follow-up Study) | 18 | 47,228 men 40–75 years |
FFQ (131 food items) |
Nut, corn and popcorn consumption and risk of diverticulitis or diverticular bleeding | Frequency of food consumption, (from never /less than once a month, to more than 6 times a day) |
Diverticulitis Compared to men with the highest intake, men with the lowest intake had: Multivariate HR: 0.80 (95%CI: 0.63–1.01) for nuts; Multivariate HR: 0.72 (95% CI: 0.56–0.92) for popcorn; Multivariate HR: 1.13 (95% CI: 0.83–1.54) for corn. Diverticular bleeding Multivariate HR: 1.08 (95%CI: 0.77–1.49) for nuts; Multivariate HR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.59–1.15) for popcorn; Multivariate HR: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.67–1.71) for corn. |
Legend: UK: United Kingdom; Pts: patients; FFQ: food frequency questionnaire; HR: hazard ratio; RR: relative risk; Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI); * complicated diverticular disease was defined as diverticula with abscess, bleeding, or perforation (ICD-10 = code: K570, K572, K578).