Table 2.

Effect of alcohol consumption in the prevention of acute diverticulitis and diverticula bleeding.

Author, Year	Country	Type of Study	Follow-Up (Months)	Number of pts, Gender, Age	Alcohol Consumption Assessment	Main Outcome	Intervention/Control	Main Results
Kim YC, 2019 [25]	South Korea	Retrospective cohort study	32.9	296 pts; women 58.1%; mean age 42.8 ± 13.7 years	Qualitative assessment	Risk factors for recurrent right colonic diverticulitis	Alcohol consumer vs non-alcohol consumer	Recurrent diverticulitis Recurrence rate was higher in alcohol consumer than non-alcohol consumer (p = 0.017). The association was not confirmed at multivariate analysis.
Nagata N, 2014 [26]	Japan	Cross-sectional study	NA	911 pts; women 34%; mean age 66 ± 12 years	Questionnaire	Risk factors for diverticular bleeding	Quantitative assessment: nondrinker/ light drinker, moderate to heavy drinker	Diverticular bleeding Multivariable adjusted HR: OR 3.4 (95%CI:1.4–8.1) for light drinker Multivariable adjusted HR: OR 3.3 (95%CI 1.3–8.5) for moderate to heavy drinker.
Papagrigoriadis S, 1999 [27]	UK	Cross-sectional study	NA	80 pts; women 62.5%; Mean age 69.1 years	Clinical assessment	Risk factors for diverticular complications	Alcohol consumer (≥21 units/week) vs non-alcohol consumer	Complicated diverticular disease (diverticulitis and bleeding) Alcohol consuption was not significantly more common in group 1 (complicated diverticular disease) than in group 2 (not complicated diverticular disease) (OR 2.7, 95%CI: 0.9–7.7)

Legend: pts: patients; UK: United Kingdom; NA: not applicable.