Table 1.
Maternal characteristics by periconception glycosylated hemoglobin
| Variable | Overall sample (N=351) | ≤7.4% ≤57 mmol/mol (n=236) |
7.5%–9.4% 58–79 mmol/mol (n=68) |
9.5%–11.4% 80–101 mmol/mol (n=31) |
≥11.5% ≥102 mmol/mol (n=16) |
P value* |
| Maternal age (years) | 32.3±5.7† | 32.3±5.9 | 32.0±5.7 | 32.3±5.5 | 33.4±4.1 | 0.84 |
| Nulliparous | 175 (49.9) | 119 (50.4) | 33 (48.5) | 15 (48.4) | 8 (50.0) | 0.99 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 34.7±9.1 | 34.3±9.4 | 36.1±8.6 | 34.6±8.0 | 35.5±9.4 | 0.57 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.01 | |||||
| White non-Hispanic | 103 (29.3) | 73 (30.9) | 12 (17.7) | 10 (32.3) | 8 (50.0) | |
| Black non-Hispanic | 98 (27.9) | 54 (22.8) | 34 (50.0) | 8 (25.8) | 2 (12.5) | |
| Hispanic | 98 (27.9) | 71 (30.1) | 14 (20.6) | 8 (25.8) | 5 (31.3) | |
| Asian | 12 (3.4) | 10 (4.2) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other | 40 (11.4) | 28 (11.9) | 7 (10.3) | 4 (12.9) | 1 (6.3) | |
| Public insurance | 211 (70.1) | 151 (75.9) | 36 (58.1) | 18 (66.7) | 6 (46.2) | 0.01 |
| Smoking | 89 (26.0) | 58 (25.2) | 15 (22.4) | 10 (34.5) | 6 (37.5) | 0.44 |
| Diabetes type | 0.34 | |||||
| Type 1 | 127 (36.2) | 92 (39.0) | 22 (32.4) | 10 (32.3) | 3 (18.8) | |
| Type 2 | 224 (63.8) | 144 (61.0) | 46 (67.7) | 21 (67.7) | 13 (81.3) |
*P value is for analysis of variance, χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests.
†Data presented as mean±SD for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables.