Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | Lipid Accumulation Product Index (LAP) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Male | Female | ||||||||||
| N | % | N | % | MEDIAN | IQR | p-Value | N | % | MEDIAN | IQR | p-Value | |
| Total | 14,607 | 100.0 | 6142 | 100.0 | 30.53 | 35.62 | 8465 | 100.0 | 21.87 | 28.13 | ||
| Smoking Behavior | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | ||||||||||
| Dual smoker | 222 | 1.5 | 187 | 3.0 | 40.6 | 40.5 | 35 | 0.4 | 16.7 | 25.4 | ||
| “Single” smoker | 2222 | 15.2 | 1850 | 30.1 | 34.2 | 43.9 | 372 | 4.4 | 24.0 | 38.8 | ||
| Ex-use | 3111 | 21.3 | 2618 | 42.6 | 30.8 | 33.2 | 493 | 5.8 | 20.8 | 28.8 | ||
| Non-use | 9052 | 62.0 | 1487 | 24.2 | 24.8 | 29.8 | 7565 | 89.4 | 21.9 | 27.7 | ||
| Age | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| 19–29 | 1691 | 11.6 | 775 | 12.6 | 18.7 | 27.6 | 916 | 10.8 | 9.2 | 11.5 | ||
| 30–39 | 2315 | 15.8 | 948 | 15.4 | 32.9 | 38.2 | 1367 | 16.1 | 14.4 | 18.4 | ||
| 40–49 | 2719 | 18.6 | 1062 | 17.3 | 36.5 | 42.5 | 1657 | 19.6 | 17.4 | 22.7 | ||
| 50–59 | 2742 | 18.8 | 1117 | 18.2 | 33.7 | 38.3 | 1625 | 19.2 | 23.6 | 25.4 | ||
| 60–69 | 2620 | 17.9 | 1144 | 18.6 | 31.1 | 32.9 | 1476 | 17.4 | 31.3 | 29.7 | ||
| ≥70 | 2520 | 17.3 | 1096 | 17.8 | 28.0 | 28.1 | 1424 | 16.8 | 35.0 | 30.0 | ||
| Marital Status | 0.0017 | 0.0523 | ||||||||||
| Married | 10,226 | 70.0 | 4476 | 72.9 | 32.3 | 34.8 | 5750 | 67.9 | 22.1 | 26.5 | ||
| Single. widow, divorced, separated |
4381 | 30.0 | 1666 | 27.1 | 24.2 | 34.8 | 2715 | 32.1 | 21.2 | 31.2 | ||
| Educational level | 0.0008 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| Middle school or less | 4501 | 30.8 | 1562 | 25.4 | 28.32 | 32.22 | 2939 | 34.7 | 33.06 | 31.42 | ||
| High school | 4635 | 31.7 | 2071 | 33.7 | 30.05 | 37.86 | 2564 | 30.3 | 20.15 | 26.16 | ||
| College or over | 5471 | 37.5 | 2509 | 40.8 | 32.30 | 35.25 | 2962 | 35.0 | 14.35 | 18.96 | ||
| Household income | 0.6001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| Low | 2766 | 18.9 | 1071 | 17.4 | 28.82 | 33.90 | 1695 | 20.0 | 32.82 | 33.95 | ||
| Mid-low | 3569 | 24.4 | 1475 | 24.0 | 30.82 | 36.00 | 2094 | 24.7 | 24.88 | 29.63 | ||
| Mid-high | 4001 | 27.4 | 1717 | 28.0 | 30.51 | 34.39 | 2284 | 27.0 | 19.64 | 24.70 | ||
| High | 4271 | 29.2 | 1879 | 30.6 | 31.47 | 36.48 | 2392 | 28.3 | 16.09 | 21.36 | ||
| Region | 0.1867 | 0.8982 | ||||||||||
| Urban area | 11,889 | 81.4 | 4939 | 80.4 | 30.41 | 35.20 | 6950 | 82.1 | 21.02 | 27.63 | ||
| Rural area | 2718 | 18.6 | 1203 | 19.6 | 31.03 | 36.70 | 1515 | 17.9 | 25.75 | 30.30 | ||
| Occupational categories | <0.0001 | <.0001 | ||||||||||
| White | 3593 | 24.6 | 1728 | 28.1 | 33.23 | 35.66 | 1865 | 22.0 | 13.87 | 17.62 | ||
| Pink | 1843 | 12.6 | 598 | 9.7 | 32.28 | 37.73 | 1245 | 14.7 | 22.11 | 25.13 | ||
| Blue | 3366 | 23.0 | 2066 | 33.6 | 29.83 | 36.40 | 1300 | 15.4 | 26.45 | 30.33 | ||
| Unemployed | 5805 | 39.7 | 1750 | 28.5 | 28.10 | 32.00 | 4055 | 47.9 | 25.47 | 30.75 | ||
| BMI | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| Under | 550 | 3.8 | 151 | 2.5 | 3.39 | 5.42 | 399 | 4.7 | 4.45 | 4.89 | ||
| Normal | 8994 | 61.6 | 3483 | 56.7 | 21.80 | 23.17 | 5511 | 65.1 | 16.67 | 18.36 | ||
| Over | 5063 | 34.7 | 2508 | 40.8 | 48.00 | 40.38 | 2555 | 30.2 | 42.84 | 36.61 | ||
| Alcohol consumption | <0.0001 | 0.0196 | ||||||||||
| No | 4039 | 27.7 | 1082 | 17.6 | 27.48 | 31.22 | 2957 | 34.9 | 27.64 | 30.63 | ||
| Yes | 10,568 | 72.3 | 5060 | 82.4 | 31.33 | 36.69 | 5508 | 65.1 | 19.16 | 25.56 | ||
| Physical activity | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| Inadequate | 8310 | 56.9 | 3312 | 53.9 | 31.90 | 37.13 | 4998 | 59.0 | 24.24 | 29.82 | ||
| Adequate | 6297 | 43.1 | 2830 | 46.1 | 28.59 | 33.62 | 3467 | 41.0 | 18.50 | 25.08 | ||
| The number of chronic diseases | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| 0 | 9562 | 65.5 | 3934 | 64.1 | 27.44 | 33.93 | 5628 | 66.5 | 16.58 | 21.38 | ||
| 1 | 2862 | 19.6 | 1296 | 21.1 | 34.24 | 37.54 | 1566 | 18.5 | 30.51 | 30.20 | ||
| ≥2 | 2183 | 14.9 | 912 | 14.8 | 38.25 | 36.12 | 1271 | 15.0 | 39.40 | 33.48 | ||
| Pack-year * | 6.68 | 14.12 | 15.02 | 18.33 | <0.0001 | 0.62 | 3.57 | 0.0996 | ||||
| Total kcal * | 184009.76 | 79264 | 213062.30 | 84430.0 | 0.0209 | 162929.90 | 67919.0 | 0.1528 | ||||
* Pack-year and total kcal are presented as continuous variables N = Mean, % = standard deviation, BMI = body mass index