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. 2021 Apr 14;13(4):1298. doi: 10.3390/nu13041298

Table 1.

Characteristics at baseline (T0) from the study participants; n = 2967 *.

Children All Girls Boys p
Demographics, % (n)
Age (y), mean ± SD
Weight (kg), mean ± SD
Height (cm), mean ± SD
BMI, mean ± SD
z-BMI, mean ± SD		 2967 *
8.09 ± 0.93
29.13 ± 6.59
130.28 ± 7.72
17.01 ± 2.60
0.48 ± 1.04		 50.4 (1494)
8.10 ± 0.93
28.88 ± 6.54
129.84 ± 7.66
16.98 ± 2.63
0.49 ± 1.02		 49.6 (1473)
8.09 ± 0.94
29.37 ± 6.63
130.70 ± 7.75
17.03 ± 2.58
0.48 ± 1.05		 -
0.919
0.030
0.002
0.493
0.781
Country, % (n)
Belgium
Bulgaria
Finland
Greece
Hungary
Spain
20.4 (606)
22.5 (669)
15.6 (462)
21.5 (637)
6.4 (189)
13.6 (404)
19.1 (285)
23.8 (356)
15.7 (235)
21.5 (321)
7.2 (107)
12.7 (190)
21.8 (321)
21.2 (313)
15.4 (227)
21.5 (316)
5.6 (82)
14.5 (214)
0.085
Dietary intake servings/day,
Water
Fresh fruits and berries
Canned fruits and berries
100% fruit juice
Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables 1
Fruits and vegetables 2
Soft drinks and sugar juices
Light soft drinks
Sweets
Salty snacks and fast food †
3.84 ± 1.71
1.18 ± 0.75
0.21 ± 0.23
0.48 ± 0.54
1.03 ± 0.69
2.68 ± 1.27
2.89 ± 1.31
0.35 ± 0.53
0.19 ± 0.33
0.79 ± 0.64
0.29 ± 0.36
3.78 ± 1.71
1.21 ± 0.79
0.22 ± 0.23
0.45 ± 0.51
1.05 ± 0.70
2.71 ± 1.27
2.93 ± 1.31
0.31 ± 0.45
0.19 ± 0.27
0.76 ± 0.63
0.28 ± 0.32
3.91 ± 1.70
1.14 ± 0.71
0.21 ± 0.22
0.51 ± 0.57
1.00 ± 0.68
2.65 ± 1.27
2.86 ± 1.30
0.38 ± 0.61
0.20 ± 0.39
0.81 ± 0.66
0.31 ± 0.39
0.029
0.077
0.134
0.036
0.063
0.310
0.270
<0.001
0.168
0.032
0.008
Parents All Mothers Fathers p
Demographics, % (n)
Parental education, % (n)
<6 y
7–9 y
10–12 y
13–14 y
15–16 y
>16 y
Age (y), mean ± SD
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD		 2967

0.3 (9)
1.8 (52)
17.1 (507)
13.7 (406)
31.1 (924)
36.0 (1069)
38.61 ± 4.67
23.94 ± 4.29		 93.5 (2773)

0.3 (9)
1.7 (47)
16.7 (464)
13.5 (373)
31.8 (881)
36.0 (999)
38.39 ± 4.53
23.77 ± 4.29 		6.5 (194)

0
2.6 (5)
22.2 (43)
17.0 (33)
22.2 (43)
36.1 (70)
41.85 ± 5.36
26.36 ± 3.58		 -

0.040





<0.001
<0.001
Group, % (n)
Control
Intervention
Country, % (n)
Belgium
Bulgaria
Finland
Greece
Hungary
Spain
49.1 (1456)
50.9 (1511)

20.4 (606)
22.5 (669)
15.6 (462)
21.5 (637)
6.4 (189)
13.6 (404)
49.0 (1358)
51.0 (1415)

19.7 (546)
23.5 (651)
15.3 (424)
21.1 (584)
6.7 (186)
13.8 (382)
50.5 (98)
49.5 (96)

30.9 (60)
9.3 (18)
19.6 (38)
27.3 (53)
1.5 (3)
11.3 (22)		 0.678


<0.001

n = 2967 *, except for salty snacks †, n = 2500. Boldface indicates statistical significance between sexes at p < 0.05. Chi-square test was used to test differences by sex for categorical data. Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to test differences by sex in continuous variables. Abbreviations: z-BMI, body mass index z-score according to Cole et al. (2010); BMI, body mass index; y, years; SD, standard deviation. Fruits and vegetables1: fresh or frozen fruit and berries, fresh fruit juices, and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables2: Same as in Fruits and vegetables1 and together with canned fruits and berries.