Figure 1.

Functional high density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibits pleiotropic effects during an acute stress response: (1) Supports endogenous corticosteroid stress-response; (2) Decreases platelet aggregation; (3) Binds and clears bacterial toxins (lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid); (4) Inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis [26,27]; (5) Reduces the monocyte inflammatory response; (6) Inhibits expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules vascular cellular adhesion molecule(VCAM)/intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)/E-selectin.