The broad spectrum of Ewing sarcoma (EwS) and related entities in historical evolution. Historical evolution of the concept of EwS and related entities. Several representative milestones are shown: 1980, introduction of the concept of atypical (large-cell) EwS and extraskeletal EwS [69]; 2008, introduction of mass sequencing [85]; 2013, fourth edition of the WHO classification of bone and soft-tissue tumors [86]; 2020, fifth edition of the WHO classification of bone and soft-tissue tumors [16]. The names in the circles indicate the genes most commonly involved in gene fusions of each sarcoma entity. ELS, Ewing-like sarcoma; ITD, internal tandem duplication; (p)PNET, (peripheral) primitive neuroectodermal tumors.