Table 3.

Summary of bulk gene expression analyses in Ewing sarcoma (EwS) tumors.

Patient Cohort (Number of Patients)	Genes/Pathways/Cell Infiltration in Patient Tumors with Poor Prognosis		Reference
	Enriched	Downregulated
Localized tumors– non-progression (n = 7) vs. progression (n = 7)	▪cell cycle ▪invasion ▪metastasis	▪tumor suppressors ▪inducers of ▪apoptosis	[314]
Localized tumors – non-progression (n = 13) vs. progression (n = 17) additional 12 tumors for validation	▪ MGST1		[315]
Metastatic and localized tumors (n = 27)- non-regression (n = 7) vs. regression (n = 20) by chemotherapy		▪Wnt ▪angiogenesis ▪apoptosis ▪ubiquitin ▪proteasome ▪PI3 kinase ▪p53	[316]
Primary tumors (n = 5) vs. unrelated metastasis samples (n = 6)	▪ ICAM1		[317]
Primary tumors (n = 56; additional n = 39 as validation cohort)– non-survivors vs. survivors	▪cell motility ▪cell migration ▪cell adhesion ▪glutathione metabolism ▪integrin and ▪chemokine receptor ▪CXCR7 (cave: restricted to tumorswith stromal contamination)		[318]
Primary tumors (n = 88; additional n = 57 as validation cohort)– relapse vs. relapse-free survival	▪B-cells ▪CD8 T-cells ▪NK-cells ▪Th2-cells ▪ VEGFA ▪ MMP 9 ▪ CXCL 8 ▪ EGF ▪ IGF 1 ▪ CXCR 4 ▪ TGFB 1 ▪ EGFR ▪ SPP 1 ▪ ICAM 1	▪cytotoxic T-cells ▪macrophages ▪mast cells ▪central and effector memory T-cells	[319]
Primary tumors (n = 197)– non-survivors vs. survivors	▪neutrophils ▪M2 macrophages ▪HIF1α	▪T-cells ▪NK-cells	[320]
(Therapy naïve) Primary tumors (n = 27)– progression vs. non-progression	▪CD8 T-cells ▪(tumor infiltrating) ▪CXCL9 ▪CXCL10 ▪CCL5		[321]