Table 2.
Association between change in Frailty Index (FI) and mortality.
| Absolute Change | Proportional Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mortality Rate per 100 pys) | Hazard Ratio [95% CI] | n | Mortality Rate per 100 pys) | Hazard Ratio [95% CI] | |
|
Robust
FI<0.15 (n=1338) |
||||||
| Large Decrease | 59 | 1.83 [0.59 – 8.37] | 1.35 [0.42 – 4.40] | 177 | 1.25 [0.63 – 2.83] | 1.11 [0.42 – 2.90] |
| Small Decrease | 187 | 0.99 [0.48 – 2.33] | 0.63 [0.24 – 1.63] | 154 | 1.07 [0.50 – 2.71] | 0.83 [0.35 – 1.97] |
| Stable Frailty | 374 | 1.55 [1.01 – 2.51] | Reference | 172 | 1.25 [0.67 – 2.58] | Reference |
| Small Increase | 343 | 1.88 [1.23 – 3.01] | 1.12 [0.63 – 2.00] | 184 | 2.48 [1.45 – 4.61] | 1.99 [0.86 – 4.61] |
| Large Increase | 375 | 2.71 [1.90 – 3.98] | 1.48 [0.86 – 2.54] | 651 | 2.22 [1.67 – 3.03] | 1.62 [0.80 – 3.28] |
|
Pre-Frail
FI 0.15–0.24 (n=1894) |
||||||
| Large Decrease | 223 | 1.69 [1.01 – 3.02] | 1.43 [0.74 – 2.75] | 275 | 1.94 [1.27 – 3.09] | 1.94 [0.93 – 4.05] |
| Small Decrease | 317 | 2.40 [1.62 – 3.68] | 1.76 [0.99 – 3.11] | 341 | 2.48 [1.71 – 3.73] | 1.92 [0.91 – 4.06] |
| Stable Frailty | 501 | 1.42 [1.00 – 2.08] | Reference | 338 | 0.97 [0.58 – 1.72] | Reference |
| Small Increase | 384 | 3.29 [2.40 – 4.62] | 2.33 [1.58 – 3.42] | 417 | 3.06 [2.26 – 4.25] | 2.18 [1.21 – 3.94] |
| Large Increase | 469 | 3.99 [3.12 – 5.16] | 2.35 [1.45 – 3.79] | 523 | 3.82 [3.01 – 4.91] | 2.57 [1.38 – 4.78] |
|
Mild Frailty
FI 0.25–0.34 (n=1147) |
||||||
| Large Decrease | 206 | 2.50 [1.55 – 4.30] | 0.70 [0.34 – 1.45] | 157 | 2.82 [1.68 – 5.12] | 0.76 [0.33 – 1.75] |
| Small Decrease | 173 | 3.13 [1.99 – 5.20] | 0.72 [0.36 – 1.42] | 224 | 2.87 [1.89 – 4.53] | 0.89 [0.52 – 1.50] |
| Stable Frailty | 245 | 4.04 [2.87 – 5.83] | Reference | 241 | 3.94 [2.78 – 5.72] | Reference |
| Small Increase | 165 | 6.57 [4.60 – 9.61] | 1.50 [0.98 – 2.30] | 244 | 7.21 [5.46 – 9.67] | 1.72 [1.16 – 2.55] |
| Large Increase | 358 | 8.89 [7.20 – 11.06] | 1.96 [1.35 – 2.85] | 281 | 8.91 [7.00 – 11.44] | 2.10 [1.41 – 3.14] |
|
Moderate-to-Severe Frailty
FI>=0.35 (n=1293) |
||||||
| Large Decrease | 380 | 8.78 [7.13 – 10.89] | 1.10 [0.78 – 1.56] | 164 | 5.23 [3.59 – 7.87] | 0.65 [0.37 – 1.15] |
| Small Decrease | 158 | 10.23 [7.53 – 14.11] | 1.17 [0.81 – 1.70] | 325 | 11.00 [8.91 – 13.68] | 1.11 [0.83 – 1.49] |
| Stable Frailty | 193 | 8.95 [6.68 – 12.12] | Reference | 285 | 10.30 [8.17 – 13.07] | Reference |
| Small Increase | 182 | 13.06 [9.93 – 17.34] | 1.39 [0.93 – 2.07] | 304 | 14.68 [11.93 – 18.14] | 1.37 [1.05 – 1.79] |
| Large Increase | 380 | 18.42 [15.41 – 22.08] | 1.99 [1.48 – 2.67] | 215 | 20.41 [16.19 – 25.83] | 1.94 [1.43 – 2.63] |
Note: Mortality rates per 100 person- years are unadjusted. Cox regression models are adjusted for age and sex. Groups defined as follows for absolute vs proportional change, respectively: Stable Frailty (±0.015 or ±5%), Large Decrease (<−0.045 or <−20%), Small Decrease (−0.015–0.045 or −5–20%), Small Increase (0.015–0.045 or 5–20%), Large Increase (>0.045 or >20%)