Table 4.
Laboratory data | Number of patients with available data (%) | Comments | References |
---|---|---|---|
Anemia | 74/87 (85%) | 13 patients had normal hemoglobin. PRCA was the mechanism of anemia in 31 (41.9%) patients | [17,18,32,39,41,42,52,60,64,65,69,73,78,83,93,95,110,115,117,119,128,133,135,138,145,147,154,156,157,166,167,169,171,172,174–176,184,185,188,210] |
Leukopenia | 40/86 (46.5%) | [6,8,14,18,39,40,52,64,128,133,156,157,176,182,185,186] | |
Leukocytosis | 16/86 (18.6%) | A normal white count was observed in 30/86 (34.9%) patients | [9,10,22,35,57,110,113,117,150,154,171–175,186] |
Neutropenia | 13/86 (15.1%) | [23,39,64,76,86,104,128,136,140,157,186,188,189] | |
Thrombocytopenia | 20% | Platelet count was not documented in the majority of cases | [1] |
Thrombocytosis | Platelet count was not documented in the majority of cases | [60] | |
Absence of eosinophils | 17/86 (19.8%) | [45,51,78,83,112,127,145,152,186,188] | |
Lymphocytopenia (defined as <1000 lymphocytes/mm3) | 27/77 (35.1%) | Normal lymphocyte count was found in 50 (64.9%) patients | [5,7–10,14,15,31,38,39,41,42,44,46,54,57,58,64,76,78,83,93,104,112,113,115–119,128,135,142,145,150,155,159,167,171–175,179,182–184] |
Low (<3%) or absent peripheral B cells | 66/75 (87%) | Normal B cells in 9/75 patients (13%) | [1,6–9,14,15,18,21,26,27,29–31,36,38–40,42,44,46,51,52,54,56,58,60,61,73,74,77,78,83,94,98,103,105,112,114,116,119,124,127,128,138,211] |
Low T cells | 6/40 (15%) | 28 patients (70.0%) had normal number of T-cells. 6 (15%) patients had elevated T cells | [7–9,14,21,23,27,29–32,38,44–46,46,52,56,59,87,99,103,105,112,114,115,115,116,127,128,134,138] |
Low CD4 count (<360/ul or <36%) | 41/56 (73.2%) | 15/56 (26.8%) had normal CD4 count | [1,2,8,14,15,18–20,26,27,30,36–38,40,42,51,54,64,65,69,74,75,78,82,84,86,98,99,104,112,113,115,116,118,127,133,211] [1,2,7,9,15,29,44,52,56,58,73,94,99,101,115] |
A high CD8 count (>1000 cells/μl or >35%) | 22/40 (55%) | Normal CD8 count in 14/40 patients (35%) and a low CD8 count in 4/40 patients (10%) | [1,2,7–9,14,27,29,30,37,38,40,44,52,54,56,58,65,69,73–75,78,82,84,94,98,99,101,104,112,113,115,115,122,127,133,134] |
Low CD4/CD8 ratio | 51/67 (76.1%) | An etiology for the low CD4/CD8 ratio was not determined in 8 cases and in 22 (51.2%,22/43) patients was caused by a low CD4 count, in 11 patients (25.6%, 11/43) by a combination of low number of CD4 cells and high number of CD8 cells, in 5 (11.6%, 5/43) patients was caused by an increased number of CD8 cells and in 5 patients the CD4 and CD8 cell counts were normal but their ratio was low(11.6%, 5/43). | [15,18,27,39,40,44,54,60,64,78,84,94,124] |
Low NK cells | 4/7 (57.1%) | NK cells were elevated in 3 other patients. | [2,9,30,42,77,78,84] |
Hypogammaglobulinemia | 152/152 (100%) | Details on the deficiency of subtypes of globulins were documented in 110 cases but not in 42 other cases. Panhypogammaglobulinemia with absence of all globulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) was found in 82/110 patients (74.5%). Low levels of only IgG was found in 10/110 patients (9.1%) and low levels of only IgA in 2/110 patients (1.8%). 8/110 patients (7.3%) had both low IgA and IgG and 5/110 patients (4.5%) had low IgG and IgM and 3/110 patients (2.7%) low IgA and IgM. 3 patients had documented absent IgD globulins and 9 patients had documented absent IgE levels. Immunoglobulins subgroups were specified in only one case with a normal IgG1 but depressed levels of IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. | [2,5–10,13–15,18,26,27,30,35,39–41,42,44,46,51,52,54,57–60,64,65,73,77,78,81–83,85,87,93–95,98,102,110,112,113,115–117,119,124,127,128,133–136,138,141,142,145,146,154,155,157,167,171,174,175,182,184,211] |
Normal complement levels | 10/12(83.3%) | Levels were high in one case[133] and low in one case.[13] | [37,58,78,83,116,119,127,128,148,189] |
Autoimmune antibodies | 20/36 (55.6%) | The most common autoimmune antibodies were antinuclear antibodies which were present in 11 cases (55%), followed by anti-striated antibodies in 6 cases (30%) and anti-thymic antibodies in 4 cases (20%). Other autoantibodies reported included anti-DS-DNA antibodies, anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody anti-ENA, anti-RNP, p-ANCA, antimicrosome, anti-thyroglobulin, anti-intrinsic and anti-parietal antibodies. | [1,13,26,54,76,103,112,114,115,128,133,145,155,166,168,173,175,180] |
Abnormal skin tests | Absent skin reactivity to both PPD and at least 1 control antigen was noted in 28/43 patients (65.1%) | 11 patients (25.6%) had normal control reactivity, [15,39,145] 2 patients (4.7%) had a positive PPD skin test with negative controls,[127,147] and 2 patients (4.7%) had positive skin tests for at least one control antigen but negative test for PPD or other controls [154,182]. | [26,42,44,45,57,58,64,74,77,83,93,98,105,112,113,118,119,128,133,138,146,155,157,166–168,172] |
Abbreviations: PPD: purified protein derivative.