Table 1.

Bioactive epigenetic diet compounds, food sources, epigenetic functions, anti-inflammatory effects and cancer types related. Modified from: Hardy, T.M.; Tollefsbol, T.O. Epigenetic Diet: Impact on the Epigenome and Cancer. Epigenomics 2011, 3, 503–518. DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; EC: Epicatechin; ECG: Epicatechin-3-gallate; EGC: Epigallocatechin; EGCG: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; HAT: Histone acetyltransferase; HDAC: Histone deacetylase.

Epigenetic Diet Compounds		Food Sources	Epigenetic Functions	Anti-Inflammatory Effects	Other Effects	Related Cancers
	Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) [28,31]	Green tea	DNMT and HAT inhibitor, modulates miRNA			Oral, breast, prostate, gastric, ovarian, esophageal, skin, colorectal, pancreatic, and head and neck
	Resveratrol [28,32,33]	Grapes, peanuts, mulberries, cranberries, Blueberries	DNMT and HDAC inhibitor		Antioxidant activity	Liver, skin, breast, prostate, lung and colon
	Curcumin [28,34]	Turmeric, curry	DNMT inhibitor and miRNA modulator	Halogenated cytosine products (mimic 5-methylcytosine in DNA methylation)		Leukemia, hepatoma, cervical and pancreatic
Flavonoids	Genistein [28,35,36,37]	Soybeans, fava beans	DNMT and HDAC inhibitor, enhances HATs, modulates miRNA			Cervical, prostate, colon and esophageal
Isothiocyanates [28]		Broccoli, cabbage, kale, watercress	DNMT and HDAC inhibitor			Myeloma, leukemia, colorectal and prostate
Omega 3 acids [38]		Flaxseed and soybean oil, tuna, salmon, mackerel and other seafood		Inhibitory effect on arachidonic acid synthesized eicosanoids		Prostate and breast
Minerals	Selenium [28,39,40]	Brazilian nuts, chicken, game meat, beef	DNMT and HDAC inhibitor	Inhibits prostaglandins	Antioxidant activity	Skin
	Zinc [28,41]	Animal proteins: beef, pork and sheep	DNA repair		Antioxidant activity	Oral
	Magnesium [28,41]	Dark green leafy vegetables. Nuts, cereals, legumes and yeast	DNA repair
Organosulfur Compounds	Allyl mercaptan [28,35,42]	Garlic	HDAC inhibitor Histone acetylation	Inhibition of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase	Antioxidant activity
Vitamins	Folate [28,43,44,45,46]	Beans, grains, fortified breakfast cereals, pastas, green vegetables	Deficiencies alter DNA methylation patterns			Breast, cervix, ovary, brain, lung and colorectal
Carotenoid pigments	Lycopene [47,48,49]	Tomatoes, papayas, and watermelons			Antioxidant activity	Prostate and oral
Pro-inflammatory diet [38,50,51,52,53]		Fried meats and omega 6 acids	Nitrogenated compounds and polycyclic hydrocarbons		Arachidonic acid activity	Oral, breast, prostate, lung, gastric and colorectal
Alcohol [28,43,54]		Alcoholic beverages	High consumption increases promoter hypermethylation		Low folate absorption