Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (point 2) of study participants.
| N = 56 | Point 1 | Point 2 | Point 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | - | 75.2 (7.1) | - |
| Men | - | 35 (62.5) | - |
| Duration of diabetes, years | - | 19.7 (8.2) | - |
| Smokers | - | 25 (44.6) | - |
| Exercisers | - | 34 (60.7) | - |
| Alcohol consumers | - | 26 (46.4) | - |
| Height, cm | - | 160.5 (8.2) | - |
| HbA1c, % | 7.2 (0.8) | 7.1 (0.7) | 7.1 (0.7) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 55.1 (9.1) | 54.4 (7.9) | 54.4 (7.9) |
| Insulin secretagogues | 49 (86.0) | 49 (86.0) | 51 (89.5) |
| Insulin sensitizers | 23 (40.4) | 24 (42.1) | 28 (49.1) |
| α-glucosidase inhibitors | 11 (19.3) | 11 (19.3) | 13 (22.8) |
| Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors | 10 (17.5) | 16 (28.1) | 19 (33.3) |
| GLP-1 receptor agonists | 3 (5.2) | 4 (7.0) | 5 (8.8) |
| Insulin | 14 (24.6) | 14 (24.6) | 15 (26.3) |
| Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors | - | 34 (59.6) | - |
| Calcium channel blockers | - | 19 (33.3) | - |
| Other antihypertension drug | - | 15 (26.3) | - |
| Medication for dyslipidemia | - | 33 (57.8) | - |
| N = 22 | |||
| Age, years | - | 75.3 (6.3) | - |
| Men | - | 15 (68.1) | - |
| Duration of diabetes, years | - | 21.2 (9.8) | - |
| Smokers | - | 14 (63.6) | - |
| Exercisers | - | 14 (63.6) | - |
| Alcohol consumers | - | 10 (45.4) | - |
| Height, cm | - | 155.1 (24.7) | - |
| HbA1c, % | - | 7.4 (0.7) | - |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | - | 57.4 (7.6) | - |
| Insulin secretagogues | - | 22 (100.0) | - |
| Insulin sensitizers | - | 14 (63.6) | - |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitors | - | 9 (40.9) | - |
| Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors | - | 7 (31.8) | - |
| GLP-1 receptor agonists | - | 1 (4.5) | - |
| Insulin | - | 6 (27.2) | - |
| Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors | - | 15 (68.1) | - |
| Calcium channel blockers | - | 3 (13.6) | - |
| Other antihypertension drug | - | 5 (22.7) | - |
| Medication for dyslipidemia | - | 13 (59.0) | - |
| Stress increased | - | 5 (22.7) | - |
| Sleep duration decreased | - | 4 (18.1) | - |
| Exercise decreased | - | 11 (50.0) | - |
Insulin secretagogues include sulfonylurea, dpp4 inhibitors, and glinide. Insulin sensitizers include biguanides and thiazolidine. Other antihypertension drugs include α-blockers, β-blockers, and diuretics. Medication for dyslipidemia included statin, fibrate, eicosapentaenoic acid, and ezetimibe. Data are expressed as means (standard deviation) and frequencies (percentage). GLP-1, glucagon like peptide-1. Among the participants, 22 patients answered the questions regarding the change in stress levels or lifestyle due to the COVID-19 pandemic.