Ferritin mimics the effect of heme in inhibiting the mineralization of VICs. (a) VICs (passage number 5–8) were treated with GM or OM, in the absence or presence of heme (1–50 µmol/L) for 12 h. Expression of H and L chains of ferritin (FTH and FTL) were determined by Western blot. Immunoblots were reprobed with β-actin and are representative of three independent experiments. (b,c) VICs were treated with GM and OM, in the presence or absence of ferritin (1–1000 µg/mL) for 5 days. (b) Representative AR staining out of three independent experiments and quantification (day 5) are shown. (c) Ca content of HCl-solubilized ECM is shown. Results are expressed as mean ± SD from three independent experiments performed in triplicate. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.001.