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. 2021 Apr 15;18(8):4174. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084174

Table 2.

Sources of lead contamination among exposed participants.

High mean BLL
(>30 µg/dL)
Sources of contamination: welding and metal, paint and pigment, radiator repair, petrol, auto mechanic, battery makers and chargers, glazed pottery, plastic stabilizer industry, radiator manufacturing industry, storage battery plant, automobile mechanic, petrol station, silver jewelry, lead battery plants, production plant, lead oxide, and lead crystal
Moderate mean BLL
(20–30 µg/dL)
Sources of contamination: smelting, batteries, pigment, extruded materials, cable sheeting, gas add, silver jewelry, PVC-producing factory, stabilizers using lead ingots, lead-using facilities
Low mean BLL
(<20 µg/dL)
Sources of contamination: polluted areas, heavy metal pollution, battery manufacturing and lead recycling plants, auto repair, smelting factory