| SLS | Sodium lignosulfonate |
| CaCO3 | Calcium carbonate |
| SCP solution | Simulated concrete pore solution |
| SLS/CaCO3 | Calcium carbonate microparticles loaded with SLS |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscope |
| UV-vis | UV–VIS spectrophotometer |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction |
| ATR-FTIR | attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy |
| OCP | Open-circuit potential |
| EIS | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
| Epoxy-3 wt%SLS/CaCO3 coating | The epoxy coating modified by the 3 wt% calcium carbonate particles loaded with sodium lignosulfonate |
| Epoxy-5 wt%SLS/CaCO3 coating | The epoxy coating modified by the 5 wt% calcium carbonate particles loaded with sodium lignosulfonate |
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