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. 2021 Apr 15;11(4):1012. doi: 10.3390/nano11041012

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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AFM images of the filament side surface for the different materials in this study: (a) pure PLA, (b) PLA/SiO₂ (0.5 wt.%), (c) PLA/SiO₂ (1.0 wt.%), (d) PLA/SiO₂ (2.0 wt.%), (e) PLA/SiO₂ (4.0 wt.%) nanocomposites, respectively. On the bottom left picture, the experimental setup for the AFM measurements is shown.