Table 2.
Pharmacokinetic profiles of indole alkaloids.
| Parameters | Compound Name | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brucine | Harmane | Vindoline | Mitragynine | 7-OH-mitragynine | |
| Administration Route | Oral, IV | Oral, IV | Oral, IV | Oral | Oral |
| Oral Bioavailability | 40.31%–47.15% | 19.41% | 5.4% | - | - |
| AUC | Ratio: 1:1.9:5.3 (at different doses) | - | Oral: 606.3 ng/mL h, IV: 2245.7 (first dose), 2258.0 (second dose) ng/mL h |
- | - |
| Cmax | 929.22–1451.58 μg/L | Oral: 1059.56 ± 91.06 ng/mL, IV: 583.19 ng/mL |
Oral: 606.6 ng/mL, IV: 1595.9 (first dose), 2913.9 ng/mL (second dose) |
0.63 ± 0.18 µg/mL | - |
| Tmax | 0.3–0.5 h | Oral: 0.23 ± 0.06 h, IV: 0.03 h |
Oral: 0.3 h | 1.83 ± 1.25 h | - |
| t1/2 | - | - | Oral: 0.5 h IV: 1.0 h (first dose), 1.4 h (second dose) |
- | 24 min |
| Vd | - | - | Oral; 21.6 L/kg IV: 2.0 L/kg (first dose), 3.3 L/kg (second dose) |
89.50 ± 30.30 L/kg | - |
| CL | - | - | Oral: 26.6 L/h/kg IV: 1.4 L/h/kg (first dose), 1.4 L/h/kg (second dose) |
- | 43.2 ± 3.5 mL/min/kg |
| References | [60] | [64] | [63] | [61] | [62] |