. 2021 Apr 15;13(4):1310. doi: 10.3390/nu13041310

Table 5.

Postpartum physical activity behaviour in the intervention and control groups.

	Time Point	Intervention Group		Control Group		n ^a	Adjusted Effect Size ^b (95% CI)	Adjusted p Value ^b
	Time Point	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n ^a	Adjusted Effect Size ^b (95% CI)	Adjusted p Value ^b
Total PA (MET-h/week)
Total PA	T1pp	853	179.0 ± 63.9	863	183.0 ± 68.8	1538	−3.59 (−6.69, −0.50)	0.023
	T2pp	724	189.5 ± 64.7	737	188.1 ± 70.9	1338	2.60 (−5.23, 10.43)	0.515
	Time effect		p < 0.001 ^c		p = 0.061 ^c
Total PA of light intensity and above	T1pp	856	168.9 ± 62.2	866	172.3 ± 67.5	1552	−2.58 (−5.56, 0.40)	0.090
	T2pp	725	182.2 ± 63.8	740	180.6 ± 70.1	1348	2.71 (−4.95, 10.37)	0.488
	Time effect		p < 0.001 ^c		p < 0.001 ^c
Intensity (MET-h/week)
Sedentary	T1pp	903	10.1 ± 10.0	899	10.7 ± 10.3	1664	−0.90 (−1.83, 0.03)	0.058
	T2pp	773	7.1 ± 5.9	759	7.6 ± 6.6	1446	−0.49 (−1.02, 0.05)	0.077
	Time effect		p < 0.001 ^c		p < 0.001 ^c
Light-intensity	T1pp	890	87.6 ± 33.4	885	90.8 ± 33.7	1628	−1.37 (−5.08, 2.34)	0.469
	T2pp	753	105.4 ± 34.4	755	103.5 ± 34.4	1407	1.90 (−1.17, 4.97)	0.224
	Time effect		p < 0.001 ^c		p < 0.001 ^c
Moderate- intensity	T1pp	867	80.5 ± 41.1	881	80.4 ± 43.5	1588	0.84 (−0.23, 1.92)	0.124
	T2pp	746	74.9 ± 43.0	746	75.1 ± 47.9	1387	1.00 (−3.35, 5.36)	0.651
	Time effect		p < 0.001 ^c		p = 0.001 ^c
Vigorous- intensity	T1pp	901	1.2 ± 3.3	902	1.0 ± 3.3	1671	0.20 (−0.09, 0.50)	0.172
	T2pp	774	2.3 ± 4.7	766	2.0 ± 4.6	1456	0.32 (−0.14, 0.78)	0.170
	Time effect		p < 0.001 ^c		p < 0.001 ^c
Type (MET-h/week)
Household activity	T1pp	882	141.2 ± 55.2	887	145.1 ± 60.0	1625	−1.75 (−7.54, 4.04)	0.553
	T2pp	749	140.8 ± 54.2	751	137.6 ± 55.3	1402	4.13 (−2.23, 10.50)	0.203
	Time effect		p = 0.880 ^c		p < 0.001 ^c
Occupational activity	T1pp	48	24.1 ± 38.9	52	18.6 ± 24.5	83	8.09 (1.51, 14.67)	0.016
	T2pp	218	42.1 ± 33.1	218	44.8 ± 36.2	365	−2.17 (−8.23, 3.88)	0.482
	Time effect		p = 0.002 ^c		p < 0.001 ^c
Sport activity	T1pp	884	9.7 ± 8.2	888	9.2 ± 9.2	1627	0.12 (−0.55, 0.79)	0.725
	T2pp	756	12.5 ± 10.9	753	11.4 ± 10.5	1417	0.60 (−1.28, 2.47)	0.532
	Time effect		p < 0.001 ^c		p < 0.001 ^c
Transportation activity	T1pp	902	14.3 ± 13.4	899	14.2 ± 13.4	1661	0.41 (−0.79, 1.61)	0.505
	T2pp	768	14.9 ± 12.9	762	15.2 ± 13.6	1439	0.01 (−1.09, 1.11)	0.986
	Time effect		p = 0.323 ^c		p = 0.099 ^c
Inactivity	T1pp	900	12.7 ± 11.5	896	13.2 ± 11.3	1657	−0.75 (−1.85, 0.35)	0.182
	T2pp	771	9.6 ± 7.6	757	10.3 ± 8.3	1441	−0.63 (−1.35, 0.10)	0.091
	Time effect		p < 0.001 ^c		p < 0.001 ^c
Meeting PA recommendations (n (%)) ^d							OR (95% CI) ^e
	T1pp	466/884	52.7%	415/888	46.7%	1691	1.15 (0.99, 1.33)	0.060
	T2pp	439/756	58.1%	416/753	55.2%	1467	1.01 (0.83, 1.21)	0.957

Abbreviations: T1pp: Assessment 6–8 weeks postpartum; T2pp: Assessment one year postpartum; SD: Standard deviation; CI: Confidence interval; PA: Physical activity; OR: Odds ratio. ^a The total of participant numbers varies due to the applied covariates. ^b Linear regression models fit using generalised estimating equations adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI category, age, parity, baseline assessment and time interval between questionnaire completion date and birth date of the child. ^c Linear mixed models for repeated measures adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI category, age and parity. ^d Meeting recommendations defined as ≥ 7.5 MET-h/week in category sports activity of moderate-intensity or greater. ^e Binary logistic regression models fit using generalised estimating equations adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI category, age, parity, baseline assessment and time interval between questionnaire completion date and birth date of the child.