Table 1.
Retro-long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human diseases.
| Retro-lncRNA | Verified or Putative Mechanism | Diseases | Parental Gene |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer | |||
| HMGA1P6 | miRNA sponge [43] | endometrial cancer [42], ovarian cancer, thyroid cancer [43] | HMGA1 |
| HMGA1P7 | miRNA sponge [43] | HMGA1 | |
| KRASP1 | miRNA sponge [15] | prostate cancer [15] | KRAS |
| POU5F1P4 (Oct4-pg4) | miRNA sponge [48] | hepatocellular carcinoma [48] | POU5F1 (OCT4) |
| POU5F1P5 (Oct4-pg5) | miRNA sponge [49], epigenetic regulation [50] | endometrial carcinoma [49] | POU5F1 (OCT4) |
| SUMO1P3 | miRNA sponge [3,65]; cis-NAT for host gene [3] | gastric cancer [52], hepatocellular carcinoma [65] | SUMO1 |
| RACGAP1P | miRNA sponge [54,55] | hepatocellular carcinoma [54], breast cancer [55] | RACGAP1 |
| ANXA2P2 | - | hepatocellular carcinoma [59] | ANXA2 |
| UBE2CP3 | - | hepatocellular carcinoma [60] | UBE2CP3 |
| INTS6P1 | miRNA sponge [61] | hepatocellular carcinoma [61] | INTS6 |
| PTENP1 | miRNA sponge [66], epigenetic regulation [30] | hepatocellular carcinoma [66], glioma [62] | PTEN |
| TUSC2P1 | miRNA sponge [64] | esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [67] | TUSC2 |
| PDIA3P1 | miRNA sponge, cis-NAT for host gene [3] | hepatocellular carcinoma [68] | PDIA3 |
| CSDAP1 (YBX3P1) | - | lung cancer [69] | CSDA (YBX3) |
| LGMNP1 | - | glioblastoma [70] | LGMN |
| PTTG3P | miRNA sponge [71] | breast cancer [71] | PTTG1 |
| CKS1BP7 | - | breast cancer [72] | CKS1B |
| MSL3P1 | miRNA sponge [3] | renal cell carcinoma [73] | MSL3 |
| CTNNA1P1 | miRNA sponge [74] | colorectal cancer [74] | CTNNA1 |
| PPIAP43 | miRNA sponge [75] | lung cancer [75] | PPIA |
| FTH1P3 | miRNA sponge [76] | breast cancer [76] | FTH1 |
| E2F3P1 | - | hepatocellular carcinoma [77] | E2F3 |
| AC107983.1 | miRNA sponge, cis-NATs for host gene [3] | cancer cell lines [3] | RPS28 |
| SYPL1P2 | - | SYPL1 | |
| NDUFB1P1 | cis-NATs for host gene [3] | NDUFB1 | |
| Neurodegenerative Disorders | |||
| BZW1P2 | miRNA sponge [78] | Huntington’s disease [78] | BZW1 |
| COX7A2P2 | miRNA sponge [78] | COX7A2 | |
| DGKZP1 | miRNA sponge [78] | DGKZ | |
| EEF1A1P5 | miRNA sponge [78], cis-NAT for host gene [3] | EEF1A1 | |
| EIF2S2P4 | miRNA sponge [78], fusion transcript [3] | EIF2S2 | |
| ETF1P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | ETF1 | |
| FABP5P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | FABP5 | |
| HIGD1AP14 | miRNA sponge [78] | HIGD1A | |
| HMGB1P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | HMGB1 | |
| HMGB1P10 | miRNA sponge [3,78]; cis-NAT for host gene [3] | HMGB1 | |
| HMGB1P5 | miRNA sponge [78] | HMGB1 | |
| HMGN1P36 | miRNA sponge [78] | HMGN1 | |
| HMGN2P3 | miRNA sponge [78] | HMGN2 | |
| HNRNPA3P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | HNRNPA3 | |
| HTR7P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | HTR7 | |
| POU5F1P4 (Oct4-pg4) | miRNA sponge [78] | POU5F1(OCT4) | |
| PTENP1 | miRNA sponge [78] | PTEN | |
| RBBP4P4 | miRNA sponge [78] | RBBP4 | |
| RBMS1P1 | miRNA sponge [3,78], cis-NAT for host gene [3] | RBMS1 | |
| RHOQP2 | miRNA sponge [78] | RHOQ | |
| RPLP0P6 | miRNA sponge [78] | RPLP0 | |
| S100A11P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | S100A11 | |
| SKP1P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | SKP1 | |
| TLK2P1 | miRNA sponge [3,78] | TLK2 | |
| VDAC1P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | VDAC1 | |
| VEZF1P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | VEZF1 | |
| YWHAZP3 | miRNA sponge [78] | YWHAZ | |
| ZFAND6P1 | miRNA sponge [78] | ZFAND6 | |
| CHCHD2P2 | miRNA sponge [78] | Parkinson’s disease [78] | CHCHD2 |
| PHC1P1 | miRNA sponge [3,78] | PHC1 | |
| RBMXP2 | miRNA sponge [78] | RBMX | |
| CHCHD2P2 | miRNA sponge [78] | Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease [78] | CHCHD2 |
| Other Diseses | |||
| LOC646616 | miRNA sponge [79] | essential hypertension [79] | TMEM183A |
| LAP3P2 | LAP3 | ||
| VDAC2P2 | - | atrial fibrillation [80] | VDAC2 |
| PTENP1 | miRNA sponge [81] | aortic dissection [81] | PTEN |
| NDUFV2P1 | miRNA sponge [3] | shizophrenia [82] | NDUFV2 |
| MSNP1AS | - | autism spectrum disorder [83] | MSN |
| PGK1P2 | miRNA sponge [84] | (severe) preeclampsia [84] | PGK1 |
| HK2P1 | miRNA sponge [85] | (severe) preeclampsia [85] | HK2 |
| ANXA2P3 | - | biliary atresia [86] | ANXA2 |
| HMGA1P8 | competition for factor [34] | diabetes [34] | HMGA1 |