Table 2.

Targeted metabolites that were annotated in the ¹H-NMR fingerprints. The NMR values obtained and the medicinal properties for each compound are presented.

Compounds Name	Chemical Shift Peaks (ppm)	Identification Level *	Associated Medicinal Properties	References
Niazirin	δ 7.16, 7.26	Level 2	Anticancer activities	[4,6]
Wogonin	δ 6.32, 7.09, 7.59	Level 2	Anti-inflammatory	[33]
Esculetin	δ 7.42,7.55	Level 2	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory	[34]
Chlorogenic acid	δ 6.410, 7.05, 7.15, 7.64	Level 3	Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidants, antispasmodic, anti-cancer, anti-obesity	[35,36,37,38,39]
Ferulic acid	δ 6.38, 6.86, 7.05, 7.33	Level 2	Anti-oxidants, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic	[28,40,41,42,43,44]
Vanillic acid	δ 6.94, 7.55, 7.65	Level 2	Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidants, anti-cancer, anti-sickling, anti-microbial	[36,45,46,47]
Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)	δ 1.9, 2.3, 3.0	Level 3	Anti-epileptic, anti-anxiety	[48,49]

* Level 2 = putatively annotated compounds without chemical reference standards, but based upon physicochemical properties and/or spectral similarity with public/commercial spectral libraries; Level 3 = spiking with commercial chemicals to confirm their annotation [50].