Table 1.
The summary of effector gene/proteins regulated by HCMV.
| No. | Virus | Key Gene/Protein | Expression Phase | Expression Levels | Host Tissue/Cell Line | Effector Gene/Protein |
Results (Impact Apoptosis) |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HCMV |
miR-UL70-3p/ miR-UL148D |
Latent phases | ↑ | / | MOAP1/PHAP/ERN1 | ↓ | [3] |
| 2 | HCMV | IE2 | Immediate early phases | ↑ | Rat aortic smooth muscle cell | Mcl-1/Bcl-2 | ↓ | [7] |
| 3 | HCMV | UL36 | Immediate early phases | ↑ | THP-1 cells | Caspase-8 | ↓ | [17] |
| 4 | HCMV | UL138 | Latent phases | ↓ | Gastric cancer cell | HSP70 | ↑ | [53] |
| 5 | HCMV | pUL38 | Immediate early phases | ↑ | Human embryonic lung fibroblasts | USP24/NCOA4 | ↓ | [54] |
| 6 | HCMV | miR-US25-1 | Late phase | ↑ | Endothelial cells | BRCC 3 | ↑ | [72] |
| 7 | HCMV | miR-UL112-3p | Immediate early phases | ↑ | Glioblastoma cell | TUSC3 | ↓ | [77] |
| 8 | HCMV | cmvIL-10 | Productive and latent phases | ↑ | Breast cancer cell | Stat3 | ↓ | [81] |
| 9 | HCMV/MCMV | vICA | Immediate early phases | ↑ | CD8 T cell | Caspase-8 | ↓ | [89] |
| 10 | HCMV | pUL36 | Immediate early phases | ↑ |
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts/ primary human fetal foreskin fibroblasts |
MLKL | ↓ | [90] |
| 11 | HCMV | pUL37x1/vMIA | Immediate early phases | ↑ | Human fibroblasts | Bax | ↓ | [91] |
| 12 | HCMV | IE86 | Immediate early phases | ↑ | U251 cell | hnRNP A2/B1 | ↓ | [92] |
| 13 | HCMV | pUS21 | Late phase | ↑ | Human foreskin fibroblasts | Caspase-7/3 | ↓ | [93] |
| 14 | HCMV | HCMVAIS | / | ↑ | Human embryo lung fibroblasts | NOX-2/PARP-1 | ↑ | [94] |
| 15 | HCMV | hcmv-miR-US4-5p | Immediate early phases | ↑ |
Human embryonic kidney cell/ human embryonic lung fibroblast cell/ human monocytic cell |
PAK2 | ↑ | [95] |
| 16 | HCMV | IE86 | Immediate early phases | ↑ | Glioma cell | ATF5 | ↓ | [96] |
| 17 | HCMV | hcmv-miR-US4-1 | / | ↑ | Human embryonic lung fibroblast | QARS | ↑ | [97] |
| 18 | HCMV | Glycoprotein gB | Immediate early phases | ↑ | Human peripheral blood monocytes | Akt | ↓ | [98] |
| 19 | HCMV | hcmv-miR-UL36-5p | Immediate early phases | ↑ | Human embryonic kidney cell/human embryonic lung fibroblasts/glioma cell | ANT3 | ↓ | [99] |
| 20 | HCMV | US27 | Late phase | ↑ | Human embryonic kidney cell | Bcl-x/AP-1 | ↓ | [100] |
| 21 | HCMV | UL141 | / | ↑ |
Human fibroblasts/ normal human dermal fibroblasts |
TRAIL-R | ↓ | [101] |
| 22 | HCMV | hcmv-mir-UL148D | Immediate early phases | ↑ | Human embryonic kidney cell | IEX-1 | ↓ | [102] |
↑: Upregulation; ↓: Downregulation; /: Unknown.